Wireless Radiation (RFR) – Is U.S. Government Ignoring Its Own Evidence for Risk?

To EMF Community:

Below is information I pulled together for a government employee questioning risks from non-ionizing radiation, as he was under the impression only thermal effects cause harm. The material below, and attached, documents that the U.S. has known for over a half century that there are biological and health effects of non-thermal radio frequency radiation.

1. Naval Medical Research Institute (1971), “BIBLIOGRAPHY OF REPORTED BIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA (‘EFFECTS’) AND CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS ATTRIBUTED TO MICROWAVE AND RADIO-FREQUENCY RADIATION”, Zorach R. Glaser, PhD,


2. NASA publication (February 1972)– Translation of Russian Research, “INFLUENCE OF MICROWAVE RADIATION ON THE ORGANISM OF MAN AND ANIMALS


3. Defense Intelligence Agency (March 1976)“BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION (RADIOWAVES AND MICROWAVES”, prepared by U.S. Army Medical Intelligence and Information Agency


4. NASA Report (April 1981)“ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD INTERACTIONS WITH THE HUMAN BODY: OBSERVED EFFECTS AND THEORIES”


5. U.S. Air Force (June 1994)– “RADIOFREQUENCY/MICROWAVE RADIATION BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND SAFETY STANDARDS: A REVIEW”. Original classified report June 1988.


6. Department of the Army – “Bioeffects of Selected Nonlethal Weapons” (February 1998, declassified Dec. 6, 2006), Addendum to the Nonlethal Technologies Worldwide Study -NGIC 1147-101-98 study) provided through FOIA request


7. Please also see the attached report on 5G biological risks by Martin Pall, PhD, Professor Emeritus of Washington State University (May 2018):

“5G: Great risk for EU, U.S. and International Health! Compelling Evidence for Eight Distinct Types of Great Harm Caused by Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Exposures and the Mechanism that Causes Them”

8. Also see Dr. Martin Pall’s “List of 170 Reviews on Non-thermal Effects of Microwave/Intermediate Frequency EMFs”. These scientific reviews document the non-thermal effects from Radio Frequency Radiation, citing many thousands of studies.


9. Finally, last year the NIEHS’s National Toxicology Program(NTP) published a large $30mm animal study on cancer risks from Radio Frequency Radiation, which found the very same cancers, glioma brain tumors and schwannomas (nerve sheath tumors), previously found in human epidemiology studies and in another recent large animal study published last year by the Ramazzini Institute in Italy. Dr. Ron Melnick, the leader of the team that designed the NTP study, said “The assumption has always been that RF radiation could not cause cancer. Now we know that was wrong.” (Microwave News)

It is a fallacy that the only risk from electromagnetic fields are the thermal effects.

The FCC exposure guidelines today are non-protective of existing cell phone and wireless exposures. They do not take into consideration the large body of science documenting non-thermal effects, including the U.S. government’s own science, nor the reality that the biological effects of our many kinds of exposures these days are additive and cumulative. And, the guidelines are certainly also non-protective from the coming higher frequency and higher pulsation (i.e. more biologically disruptive) millimeter exposures planned for antennas using 5G, that the industry plans to densely place throughout our neighborhoods, on every few utility poles, unless the American people stand up for their right to health.

The U.S. government has terribly failed the American people by not acting on the very serious risks its own science has long revealed. And we are at a disgraceful place where industry’s plans for further antenna densification may put our very species at risk.

Thank goodness Senators Richard Blumenthal and Anna Eshoo are now questioning the safety of 5G in Congressional hearings. Thank goodness for their courage and truth-telling.

Others within the U.S. government have warned before. For example,

• FDA – 1993 – An FDA internal memo admitted microwaves can accelerate cancer. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) biologists concluded that the available data **strongly suggest** that microwaves can **accelerate the development of cancer**. This assessment is in an internal agency memo obtained by Microwave News under the Freedom of Information Act. http://microwavenews.com/news/backissues/j-f03issue.pdf

• EPA– 2002– EPA Letter to EMR Network affirmed the following:

This letter from the EPA stated, “The FCC’s current exposure guidelines, as well as those of the IEEE and ICNRP, are thermally based, and do not apply to chronic, non-thermal exposure situations. They are believed to protect against injury that may be caused by acute exposures that may result in tissue heating or electric shock or burn”.

• Department of Interior Letter –2014–to the National Telecommunications and Information Administration of the Department of Commerce. This letter stated:

“ FCC standards for cell phone radiation are outmoded and no longer applicable as they do not adequately protect wildlife.” (Feb 2014)

“Study results have documented nest and site abandonment, plumage deterioration, locomotion problems, reduced survivorship, and death. Nesting migratory birds and their offspring have apparently been affected by the radiation from cellular phone towers in the 900 and 1800 MHz frequency ranges- 915 MHz is the standard cellular phone frequency used in the United States. However, the electromagnetic radiation standards used by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) continue to be based on thermal heating, a criterion now nearly 30 years out of date and inapplicable today.

It is highly unusual to have one U.S. Department criticizing another.

And also, we’ve known about risk from an industry-commissioned report, The Ecolog Report, published in 2000 (conducted for T-Mobile Deutsche Telecom). This review of the scientific literature showing non-thermal effects cited evidence for the following:

1. Gene Toxicity
2. Impacts on Cellular Processes, Communication and Proliferation
3. Pathological Effects on:

– Immune system

– Central nervous system, including the Blood Brain Barrier, Neurotransmittors, EEG and Cognitive Functions

– Hormone systems—including stress hormones, melatonin

4. Evidence for association with Cancer and Infertility

Note some of the Ecolog report’s conclusions:

“Given the results of the present epidemiological studies, it can be concluded that electromagnetic fields with frequencies in the mobile telecommunications range do play a role in the development of cancer.”

“Impairment of cognitive functions was found in animal experiments at power flux densities of 2W/m2. In humans, there are indications that brain functions are influenced by fields such as they occur when using a mobile telephone.”

“An epidemiological study of children who had been exposed to pulsed high frequency fields, found a decrease in the capability to concentrate and an increase in reaction times.”

“Effects of high frequency electromagnetic fields on the central nervous system are proven for intensities well below the current guidelines.”

I hope this information is helpful to all.

If anyone would like to add to this list please be in touch.

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166 studies showing a direct link between EMF exposures and prenatal effect

Many peer-reviewed studies now show a direct link between EMF exposures and prenatal effects.

Here are just 166 of them. This includes human and animal studies, but excludes over 130 references on male fertility, which can be found here: https://emfresearch.com/emfs-male-fertility/

1. Aldad TS, G Gan, XB Gao, HS Taylor. (2012). Fetal Radiofrequency Radiation Exposure From 800-1900 Mhz-Rated Cellular Telephones Affects Neurodevelopment and Behavior in Mice. Scientific Reports. 2: 312 7 p http://www.nature.com/srep/2012/120315/srep00312/pdf/srep00312.pdf

2. Algers B, K. Hennichs (1983). Biological effects of electromagnetic fields. A review. Vet. Res. Commun. 6: 265–279. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6359665

3. Anselmo, CWSF., PB Pereira, MTJA. Catanho and MC Medeiros, (2007). Effects of the electromagnetic field, 60 Hz, 3 μT, on the hormonal and metabolic regulation of undernourished pregnant rats. Braz. J. Biol., 69: 397-404. http://www.scielo.br/pdf/bjb/v69n2/24.pdf

4. Bas O, Odaci E, Mollaoglu H, Ucok K, Kaplan S. (2009). Chronic prenatal exposure to the 900 megahertz electromagnetic field induces pyramidal cell loss in the hippocampus of newborn rats. Toxicol Ind Health . 25(6). 377 – 384. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19671630

5. Bastide M, B.J. Youbicier-Simoa, J.C. Lebecq, J. Giaimis. (2001). Toxicologic study of electromagnetic radiation emitted by television and video display screens and cellular telephones on chickens and mice, Indoor Built Environ. 10: 291–298. http://www.iirec.co.il/Data/FilesUploads/Bastide_Youbicier.pdf

6. Batellier F, Couty I, Picard D, Brillard JP. (2008). Effects of exposing chicken eggs to a cell phone in “call” position over the entire incubation period. Theriogenology. 69 (6):737-45. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18255134?dopt=Abstract

7. Bayat PD, Ghanbari A, Saeid B, Khazaei M, Ghorbani R, Ayubian M. (2011). Effect of exposure to extremely low electro-magnetic field during prenatal period on mice spleen. Indian J Exp Biol. 49(8):634-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21870432?dopt=Abstract

8. Belanger, K., Leaderer, B., Hellenbrand, K., Holford, T.R., McSharry, J-E., Power, M-E, and Bracken, M.B. (1998). Spontaneous abortion and exposure to electric blankets and heated water beds. Epidemiology, 9: 36-42

9. Bellieni CV, Pinto I, Bogi A, Zoppetti N, Andreuccetti D, Buonocore G (2012). Exposure to electromagnetic fields from laptop use of “laptop” computers. Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health 67(1):31-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=22315933

10. Beraldi R, Sciamanna I, Mangiacasale R, Lorenzini R, Spadafora C. (2003). Mouse early embryos obtained by natural breeding or in vitro fertilization display a differential sensitivity to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields. Mutat Res. 538(1-2):163-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12834765

11. Bereznitskaya AN, Rysina TZ. (1973). Effects of Microwaves. In Biological Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields, Z.V. Gordon, ed., Arlington, Va., U.S. Joint Publications Research Service No. 6332l, pp.230-236. ). http://www.magdahavas.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/Russian_Biological_Effects_of_Radiofrequency_Electromagnetic_Fields.pdf

12. Bereznitskaya AN. (1968). [Certain indices of fertility in female mice irradiated with 10-centimeter waves]. Gig Tr Prof Zabol. 12(9):33-7. [Article in Russian] No Abstract. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5731624

13. Bereznitskaya, A. N. and Rysina, T. Z. (1974). Embryotropic Effects of Microwaves. In: Biological Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields, Gordon, Z. V.,editor. Arlington, Va., U.S. Joint Pub.Research Service, 1974, pp. 230-36.. http://www.magdahavas.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/Russian_Biological_Effects_of_Radiofrequency_Electromagnetic_Fields.pdf

14. Bereznitskaya, A. N., and Kazhokov, I.M (1974). Studies on the Reproduction and Testicular Microstructure of Mice Exposed to Microwaves. In: Biological Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields, Gordon, Z. V., editor. Arlington, Va., U.S. Joint Pub. Research Service, 1974, pp. 221-29. http://www.magdahavas.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/Russian_Biological_Effects_of_Radiofrequency_Electromagnetic_Fields.pdf

15. Berman E, Carter HB and House D. 1984: “Growth and development of mice offspring after irradiation in utero with 2,450-MHz microwaves”. Teratology. 30(3):393-402. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6515565

16. Berman E, Carter HB, House D. (1982). Reduced weight in mice offspring after in utero exposure to 2450-MHz (CW) microwaves. Bioelectromagnetics3(2): 285-291. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7126279

17. Berman E, Carter HB. (1984). Decreased body weight in fetal rats after irradiation with 2450-MHz (CW) microwaves. Health Phys 46: 537–542. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6698781

18. Berman E, Kinn JB, and Carter HB (1978). Observations of mouse fetuses after irradiation with 2.45 GHz microwaves, Health Physics, 35, pp. 791-801 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/738884 and http://journals.lww.com/health-physics/Abstract/1978/12000/Observations_of_Mouse_Fetuses_After_Irradiation.6.aspx

19. Berman, E.L., Chacon, D., House, B., Koch, A., et al. (1990). Development of chicken embryos in a pulsed magnetic field. Bioelectromagnetics 11:169–187 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2242052

20. Blaasaas K, T Tynes, A Irgens, R Lie (2002). Risk of birth defects by parental occupational exposure to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields: a population based study Occup Environ Med. 59(2): 92–97. doi: 10.1136/oem.59.2.92 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740256/

21. Blackman CF, House DE, Benane SG, Joines WT, Spiegel RJ. (1988). Effect of ambient levels of power-line-frequency electric fields on a developing vertebrate. Bioelectromagnetics ;9(2):129–140 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3377861

22. Blackman CF. (2006). Can EMF exposure during development leave an imprint later in life? Electromagn Biol Med. 25(4):217-25. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17178582

23. Blackman, C. (2009).Cell phone radiation: Evidence from ELF and RF studies supporting more inclusive risk identification and assessment. Pathophysiology.16. 205-216. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19264460

24. Borhani N, Rajaei F, Salehi Z, Javadi A. (2011). Analysis of DNA fragmentation in mouse embryos exposed to an extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field. Electromagn Biol Med. 30(4):246-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22047462

25. Brent RL,WE Gordon, WR Bennett, DA. Beckman (1993). Reproductive and teratologic effects of electromagnetic fields. Reprod. Toxicol. 7: 535–580. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8118107

26. Brown-Woodman PD, Hadley JA, Waterhouse J, Webster WS. (1988). Teratogenic effects of exposure to radiofrequency radiation (27.12 MHz) from a shortwave diathermy unit. Ind Health. 26(1):1-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3283078

27. Brown-Woodman, PDC, Hadley, JA, Richardson L., Bright D. and Porter D. (1989). Evaluation of reproductive function of female rats exposed to radiofrequency field (27.12 MHz) near a shortwave diathermy device. Health Physics 56(4): 521-525. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=2925391

28. Budak GG, Muluk NB, Budak B, Oztürk GG, Apan A, Seyhan N. (2009). Effects of intrauterine and extrauterine exposure to GSM-like radiofrequency on distortion product otoacoustic emissions in infant male rabbits. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 73: 391-99. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19108901

29. California EMF Risk Evaluation (2002): Final Report. Chapter 13: Miscarriage. http://www.ehib.org/emf/RiskEvaluation/Chapter13.pdf

30. Cameron IL, Hardman WE, Winters WD, Zimmerman S, Zimmerman AM. (1993). Environmental magnetic fields: influences on early embryogenesis. J Cell Biochem. 51(4):417-25 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8496244

31. Cao, YN; Y Zhang, Y Liu (2006). “Effects of exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on reproduction of female mice and development of offsprings”. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 24 (8): 468-70 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16978513

32. Celik O, Hascalik S. (2004). Effect of electromagnetic field emitted by cellular phones on foetal heart rate patterns. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 112(1): 55-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14687739

33. Chación L, M. A. Trillo, A. Ubeda, J. Leal (1990). A 30-HZ Pulsed Magnetic Field Can Stop Early Embryonic Development. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine 9(1): 61–66. http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/15368379009027760

34. Chavdoula ED, Panagopoulos DJ, Margaritis LH. (2010). Comparison of biological effects between continuous and intermittent exposure to GSM-900-MHz mobile phone radiation: Detection of apoptotic cell-death features. Mutat Res. 700(1-2):51-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20472095

35. Chiang H and G. D. Yao (1987). Effects of Pulsed Microwave Radiation Pre-and Post-natally on the Developing Brain in Mice. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine. 6(2): 197-204 http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/15368378709027739

36. Chiang H, Wu RY, Shao BJ, Fu YD, Yao GD, Lu DJ. (1995). Pulsed magnetic field from video display terminals enhances teratogenic effects of cytosine arabinoside in mice. Bioelectromagnetics. 16(1):70-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7748205

37. Cobb BL, Jauchem JR, Mason PA, Dooley MP, Miller SA, Ziriax JM, Murphy MR,(2000). Neural and behavioral teratological evaluation of rats exposed to ultra-wideband electromagnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics 21(7):524-537. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11015117

38. Cocozza, G., A. Blasio, and B. Nunziata (1960): [Remarks on short-wave embryopathies]. Pediatria (Napoli). 68 (1): 7-23 [Article in Italian. No abstract]. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=13810837

39. Daşdag S, MZ Akdag, O Ayyıldız, ÖC Demirtaş, M Yayla, C Sert. (2000). Do Cellular Phones Alter Blood Parameters And Birth Weight Of Rats? Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine 19(1): 107-113. http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.1081/JBC-100100301

40. De-Kun Li, Roxana Odouli, S Wi, T Janevic, I Golditch, TD Bracken, R Senior, R Rankin, R Iriye (January 2002). “A population-based prospective cohort study of personal exposure to magnetic fields during pregnancy and the risk of miscarriage”. Epidemiology 13 (1): 9-20 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11805581

41. Delgado JM, Leal J, Monteagudo JL, Gracia MG (1982). Embryological changes induced by weak, extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields. Journal of Anatomy 134 (3): 533–51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/7107514/?tool=pubmed

42. Divan HA, Kheifets L, Obel C, Olsen J. (2010). Cell phone use and behavioural problems in young children. J Epidemiol Community Health. Dec 7.; doi:10.1136/jech.2010.115402 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=21138897

43. Divan, HA; Kheifets, L.; Obel, C & J.Olsen (2008). Prenatal and Postnatal Exposure to Cell Phone Use and Behavioral Problems in Children. Epidemiology.9(4). pp 523-29. http://newsatjama.jama.com/2011/08/01/author-insights-magnetic-fields-may-increase-asthma-risks/

44. Dundar B., Cesur G., Comlekci S., Songur A., Caliskan S., et al .(2009). The Effect of Prenatal and Post-Natal Long-Term Exposure To 50 Hz Electric Field On Growth, Pubertal Development And Igf-1 Levels in Female Wistar Rats. Toxicol Ind. Health. Vol. 25, Pg. 479 – 487. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19783573

45. Eckert EE.(1976). [Plötzlicher und underwarteter Tod im Kleinkindesalter und elektromagnetische] Felder. Med Klin. 71(37):1500–05. [Article in German]. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/958113

46. Environmental Health Criteria 16 (1981): Radiofrequency and Microwaves, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland, ISBN 92- 4- 154076- 1. http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc016.htm#SubSectionNumber:1.1.3

47. Falugi , M Grattarola, G Prestipino (1987). Effects of low-intensity pulsed electromagnetic fields on the early development of sea urchins. Biophys J. 51(6): 999–1003. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1330035/

48. Farrell, J.M., Barker, M., Krause, D. and Litovitz, T.A., (1997). Effects of low-frequency electromagnetic fields on the activity of ornithine decarboxylase in developing chicken embryos. Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics 43: 91-96.

49. Figà-Talamanca I., P. Nardone, C. Giliberti. (2010). Exposure to electromagnetic fields and human reproduction: the epidemiologic evidence. In, ” Non Thermal Effects and Mechanisms of interaction between electromagnetic fields and living matter “, European J. Oncology-Library vol.5, pp 387-402. L. Giuliani and M. Soffritti (eds).

50. Findlay, R.P.; Lee, AK & P. J. Dimbylow (2009): FDTD calculations of SAR for child voxel models in different postures between 10 MHz and 3 GHz. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 135(4): 226-231. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19589878

51. Fleming AH, Joyner KH. (1992). Estimates of absorption of radiofrequency radiation by the embryo and fetus during pregnancy. Health Phys. 63(2):149-59. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1399613

52. Fragopouloua AF, SL Koussoulakos, and LH Margaritisa. (2010). Cranial and postcranial skeletal variations induced in mouse embryos by mobile phone radiation. Pathophysiology. 17(3):169-77; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19854628

53. Frey AH. (1978) Blood-brain, blood-vitrous humor, and placental barrier modification due to microwave exposure [abstract]. Biophysical J 21(3):110a 54. Frölen H, Svedenstål BM, Paulsson LE. (1993). Effects of pulsed magnetic fields on the developing mouse embryo. Bioelectromagnetics. 14(3):197-204. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8323570

55. Galat VV, Mezhevikina LM, Zubin MN, Lepikhov KA, Khramov RN, Chaĭlakhian LM. (1999). [Effect of millimeter waves on the early development of the mouse and sea urchin embryo]. Biofizika; 44(1):137-40. [Article in Russian] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10330591

56. Galvin MJ, Tilson HA, Mitchell CL, Peterson J, and McRee DI.(1986). Influence of Pre- and Postnatal Exposure of Rats to 2.45-GHz Microwave Radiation on Neurobehavioral Function. Bioelectromagnetics 7: 57-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3730002

57. Giarola, A. J. and Krueger, W. F.: Continuous exposure of chicks and rats to electromagnetic fields. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. MTT 22:432-37, 1974.

58. Gildersleeve RP, Bryan TE, Galvin MJ, McRee DI, Thaxton JP. (1988). Serum enzymes in hemorrhaged Japanese quail after microwave irradiation during embryogeny. Comp Biochem Physiol A Comp Physiol. 89(4):531-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2899471

59. Gildersleeve RP, MJGalvin, DI McRee, JP Thaxton (1986). Response of Japanese quail to hemorrhagic stress after exposure to microwave radiation during embryogeny. Comp Biochem Physiol A Comp Physiol. 85(4): 679-687. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=2879671

60. Gildersleeve RP, Satterlee DG, McRee DI, Bryan TE, Parkhurst CR. (1988). Plasma corticosterone in hemorrhaged Japanese quail after microwave irradiation in ovo. Comp Biochem Physiol A Comp Physiol. 89(3):415-24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2896572

61. Goldhaber MK, Polen MR, Hiatt RA. (1988). The risk of miscarriage and birth defects among women who use visual display terminals during pregnancy. Am J Ind Med 13:695-706. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3389364

62. Goldhaber, M. K., M. R. Polen and R. A. Hiatt. (1988). Risk of miscarriage and birth defects among women who use visual display terminals during pregnancy. American Journal of Industrial Medicine 13:695-706. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3389364

63. Goldsworthy, A. (2011). How Smart Meters May Cause Autism and Cancer. MSCA News 6(8). Pp 2-7. http://mcs-america.org/August2011pg234567.pdf

64. Gonet, B., Kosik-Bogacka, D.I., Kuźna-Grygiel, W. (2009). Effects of extremely low-frequency magnetic fields on the oviposition of Drosophila melanogaster over three generations. Bioelectromagnetics. 30(8):687-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19630039

65. Grigor’ev IuG. (2003). [Biological effects of mobile phone electromagnetic field on chick embryo (risk assessment using the mortality rate)]. Radiats Biol Radioecol. 43(5):541-3. [Article in Russian] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14658287

66. Gul A., Celebi H., Ugras S. (2009). The effects of microwave emitted by cellular phones on ovarian follicles in rats. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 280 (5): 729-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19494549

67. Guler G, Tomruk A, Ozgur E, Seyhan N. (2010): The effect of radiofrequency radiation on DNA and lipid damage in non-pregnant and pregnant rabbits and their newborns. Gen Physiol Biophys. 29(1):59-66. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20371881

68. Gunn, S. A., Gould, T. C., and Anderson,W. A. D.: The effect of microwave radiation on morphology and function of rat testis. Lab. Invest. 10:301-14, 1961.

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70. Hassa H, Yalcin O, Basmak N, et al. (1999). Teratogenic effects of electromagnetic fields on the skeletal systems of rat fetuses. Tr J of Medical Sciences. 29: 555-9. http://www.avaate.org/IMG/pdf/Sag-29-5-10-98043.pdf

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72. Huuskonen H, Juutilainen J, Julkunen A, et al. (1998). Effects of low-frequency magnetic fields on fetal development in CBA/Ca Mice, Bioelectromagnetics 19: 477-85. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=9849917

73. Ingole IV, S.K. Ghosh. (2006). Cell phone radiation and developing tissues in chicken embryo—a light microscopic study of kidneys, J. Anat. Soc. India 55: 19–23. http://medind.nic.in/jae/t06/i2/jaet06i2p19.pdf

74. Jensh RP, Vogel WH, Brent RL. (1983). An evaluation of the teratogenic potential of protracted exposure of pregnant rats to 2450-MHz microwave radiation. II. Postnatal psychophysiologic analysis. J Toxicol Environ Health. 11(1):37-59. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9241682

75. Jensh, R.P. (1997). Behavioral teratologic studies using microwave radiation: Is there an increased risk from exposure to cellular phones and microwave ovens Reprod Toxicol. 11(4):601-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9241682

76. Jing J, Zhang Yuhua, Yang Xiao-qian, Jiang Rongping, Guo Dong-mei, Cui Xi (2012). The influence of microwave radiation from cellular phone on fetal rat brain. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine. Posted online on 23 Jan 2012. http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/15368378.2011.624652

77. Jové M, Torrente M, Gilabert R, Espinar A, Cobos P, Piera V. (1999). Effects of static electromagnetic fields on chick embryo pineal gland development. Cells Tissues Organs. 165(2):74-80 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10516420

78. Juutilainen J, Harri M, Saali K, Lahtinen T. (1986). Effects of 100-Hz magnetic fields with various waveforms on the development of chick embryos. Radiat Environ Biophys. 25(1):65-74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3714975

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