Joel's comments: The study had limited statistical power to detect differences due to the small sample size (6 per group). Also note that the animals were exposed to continuous wave 950 MHz electromagnetic radiation; cell phone radiation is modulated and usually pulsed.
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Effects of chronic exposure to 950 MHz ultra-high-frequency electromagnetic radiation on reactive oxygen species metabolism in the right and left cerebral cortex of young rats of different ages
Furtado-Filho OV, Borba JB, Maraschin T, Souza LM, Jose JA, Moreira CF, Saffi J. Effects of chronic exposure to 950 MHz ultra-high-frequency electromagnetic radiation on reactive oxygen species metabolism in the right and left cerebral cortex of young rats of different ages. Int J Radiat Biol. 2015 Aug 14:1-17. [Epub ahead of print]
Abstract
PURPOSE: To assess the effect of 950 MHz ultra-high-frequency electromagnetic radiation (UHF-EMR) on biomarkers of oxidative damage to DNA, proteins and lipids in the left cerebral cortex (LCC) and right cerebral cortex (RCC) of neonate and 6-day-old rats.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve rats were equally divided into two groups as controls (CR) and exposed (ER), for each age (0 and 6 days). The LCC and RCC were examined in ER and CR after exposure. Radiation exposure lasted half an hour per day for up to 27 days (throughout pregnancy and 6 days postnatal). The specific absorption rate ranged from 1.32 - 1.14 W/kg. The damage to lipids, proteins and DNA was verified by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, carbonylated proteins (CP) and comets, respectively. The concentration of glucose in the peripheral blood of the rats was measured by the Accu-Chek Active Kit due to increased CP in RCC.
RESULTS: In neonates, no modification of the biomarkers tested was detected. On the other hand, there was an increase in the levels of CP in the RCC of the 6-day-old ER. Interestingly, the concentration of blood glucose was decreased in this group.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that there is no genotoxicity and oxidative stress in neonates and 6 days rats. However, the RCC had the highest concentration of CP that do not seem to be a consequence of oxidative stress. This study is the first to demonstrate the use of UHF-EMR causes different damage responses to proteins in the LCC and RCC.
... the RCC of 6-day-old rats showed an increase in protein carbonylation in the ER group compared to the SR group. This difference was not observed in the measurements of lipid peroxidation or DNA damage ; therefore, it is likely that it is not the result of oxidative damage induced by ROS. Oxidative stress is not the only process that results in the formation of carbonylated proteins. For example, hyperglycemia can lead to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) that can induce protein carbonylation (Barbosa et al. 2008).
Potential statistical differences may not have been seen due to the sample size (N = 6). The results of DNA damage can be an example (increasing trend, p <0 .1="" a="" be="" better="" br="" changes.="" for="" further="" in="" investigations="" of="" performed="" should="" t-test="" tails="" the="" therefore="" two="" understanding="">
The results of this investigation show that continuous wave UHF-EMR (SAR 1.32 W/kg for neonate and 1.14 W/kg for 6-day-old), administered for 30 minutes a day for 27 days (21 days of gestation and 6 days postnatally), is not genotoxic and does not cause oxidative stress in the LCC and RCC of neonate and 6-day-old rats. However, the RCC displays a significant increase in carbonylated protein concentration that does not seem to be related to oxidative stress generation. More studies are needed in order to understand the mechanism that is implicated in this process.
http://1.usa.gov/1NrAKMy
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Joel M. Moskowitz, Ph.D., Director
Center for Family and Community Health
School of Public Health
University of California, Berkeley
Electromagnetic Radiation Safety
Website: http://www.saferemr.com
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News Releases: http://pressroom.prlog.org/
Twitter: @berkeleyprc
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