Saturday, July 21, 2007

Damage Producing Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), Singlet Oxygen, Produced By Microwave Discharges

I was reading about the production of Free Radicals and about how, in particular, a Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), called Singlet Oxygen is produced:

We mentioned above that some of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) were not actually free radicals. That is the case for singlet oxygen, 1O2, which although not a free radical, behaves like one, and is extremely injurious to cells in the body.

One way in which singlet oxygen is generated is by the action of sunlight, particularly the ultraviolet part, whereby it breaks the bonds of normal diatomic oxygen, O2. Normal oxygen is generally very stable. However, when sunlight strikes the skin, any diatomic oxygen that is present may be broken down into singlet oxygen.
(The Miracle of Antioxidants, 2002, pp. 44-45, McCleod & White)

Now, I was thinking that

"Well, if ultraviolet rays which only hit the skin can cause the production of the ROS Singlet Oxygen within the body, then what about microwaves which pass right through the body?"

So I decided to do a search and found that microwave discarges are indeed used for this specific purpose - the creation of Singlet Oxygen. Now, if this can happen outside the body then there should be no reason why it also cannot happen inside the body in producing this "extremely-injurious-to-cells" ROS. Microwave exposure has been shown to induce a depletion of a number of the body's antioxidants: SuperOxide Dismutase (S.O.D.), Glutathione, and CoEnzyme Q10, and this might just explain - in part - why.


J Phys Chem A. 2007 Apr 26;111(16):3010-5. Epub 2007 Apr 4.

Quenching of I(2P1/2) by O3 and O(3P).

Azyazov VN, Antonov IO, Heaven MC.

Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.

Oxygen-iodine lasers that utilize electrical or microwave discharges to produce singlet oxygen are currently being developed. The discharge generators differ from conventional chemical singlet oxygen generators in that they produce significant amounts of atomic oxygen. Post-discharge chemistry includes channels that lead to the formation of ozone. Consequently, removal of I(2P1/2) by O atoms and O3 may impact the efficiency of discharge driven iodine lasers. In the present study, we have measured the rate constants for quenching of I(2P1/2) by O(3P) atoms and O3 using pulsed laser photolysis techniques. The rate constant for quenching by O3, (1.8 +/- 0.4) x 10(-12) cm3 s-1, was found to be a factor of 5 smaller than the literature value. The rate constant for quenching by O(3P) was (1.2 +/- 0.2) x 10(-11) cm3 s-1.

PMID: 17407271 [PubMed]


Now, the following studies show very clearly how dangerous the ROS Singlet Oxygen truly is - in that it can halt biological activity of a cell by causing DNA breaks:

Biochim Biophys Acta. 1989 Mar 1;1007(2):151-7.

Singlet molecular oxygen causes loss of biological activity in plasmid and bacteriophage DNA and induces single-strand breaks.

Di Mascio P, Wefers H, Do-Thi HP, Lafleur MV, Sies H.
Institut für Physiologische Chemie I, Universität Düsseldorf, F.R.G.

Damage of plasmid and bacteriophage DNA inflicted by singlet molecular oxygen (1O2) includes loss of the biological activity measured as transforming capacity in E. coli and single-strand break formation. Three different sources of 1O2 were employed: (i) photosensitization with Rose bengal immobilized on a glass plate physically separated from the solution; (ii) thermal decomposition of the water-soluble endoperoxide 3,3'-(1,4-naphthylidene) dipropionate (NDPO2); and (iii) microwave discharge. Loss of transforming activity was documented after exposing bacteriophage M13 DNA to 1O2 generated by photosensitization employing immobilized Rose bengal, and with bacteriophage luminal diameter X174 DNA, using the thermodissociable endoperoxide (NDPO2) as a source of 1O2. These findings are in agreement with experiments in which plasmid DNA pBR322 was exposed to a gas stream of 1O2 generated by microwave discharge. The effects of 1O2 quenchers and of 2H2O indicate 1O2 to be the species responsible. Strand-break formation in pBR322 and luminal diameter X174, measured as an increase of the open circular form at the expense of the closed circular supercoiled form, was observed without alkaline treatment after exposing the DNA to 1O2, using either agarose gel electrophoresis or sucrose gradient separation. The effect of quenchers and 2H2O indicate the involvement of 1O2 in DNA damage. We conclude that singlet oxygen can cause loss of biological activity and DNA strand breakage.
PMID: 2920171 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]



FEBS Lett. 1987 Jan 19;211(1):49-52.

Loss of transforming activity of plasmid DNA (pBR322) in E. coli caused by singlet molecular oxygen.

Wefers H, Schulte-Frohlinde D, Sies H.

Plasmid DNA pBR322 in aqueous solution was exposed to singlet molecular oxygen (1O2) generated by microwave discharge. DNA damage was detected as loss of transforming activity of pBR322 in E. coli (CMK) dependent on the time of exposure. DNA damage was effectively decreased by singlet-oxygen quenchers such as sodium azide and methionine. Replacement of water in the incubation buffer by D2O led to an increase in DNA damage. 9,10-Bis(2-ethylene)anthracene disulfate was used as a chemical trap for 1O2 quantitation by HPLC analysis of the endoperoxide formed.
PMID: 3026841 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


Now, the next study also indicates the protective effects of both quenchers and antioxidants carotenoids and tocopherols:

Mutat Res. 1992 Sep;275(3-6):367-75.

Singlet oxygen induced DNA damage.

Sies H, Menck CF.
Institut für Physiologische Chemie I, Universität Düsseldorf, Germany.

Singlet oxygen generated by photoexcitation and by chemiexcitation selectively reacts with the guanine moiety in nucleosides (kq + kr about 5 x 10(6) M-1s-1) and in DNA. The oxidation products include 8-oxo-7-hydro-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG; also called 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine) and 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine (FapyGua). Singlet oxygen also causes alkali-labile sites and single-strand breaks in DNA. The biological consequences include a loss of transforming activity as studied with plasmids and bacteriophage DNA, and mutagenicity and genotoxicity. Employing shuttle vectors, it was shown that double-stranded vectors carrying singlet oxygen induced lesions seem to be processed in mammalian cells by DNA repair mechanisms efficient in preserving the biological activity of the plasmid but highly mutagenic in mammalian cells. Biological protection against singlet oxygen is afforded by quenchers, notably carotenoids and tocopherols. Major repair occurs by excision of the oxidized deoxyguanosine moieties by the Fpg protein, preventing mismatch of 8-oxodG with dA, which would generate G:C to T:A transversions.
PMID: 1383777 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


This final study shows that 50 Hz Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields can induce both cell proliferation and DNA damage. It also indicates the production of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a hallmarker of oxidative damage, and one believed to proceed through a singlet-oxygen-involvment mechanism.

Biochim Biophys Acta. 2005 Mar 22;1743(1-2):120-9. Links

50-Hz extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields enhance cell proliferation and DNA damage: possible involvement of a redox mechanism.

Wolf FI, Torsello A, Tedesco B, Fasanella S, Boninsegna A, D'Ascenzo M, Grassi C, Azzena GB, Cittadini A.
Institute of General Pathology and Giovanni XXIII Cancer Research Center, L.go F. Vito, 1-00168 Rome, Italy. fwolf@rm.unicatt.it

HL-60 leukemia cells, Rat-1 fibroblasts and WI-38 diploid fibroblasts were exposed for 24-72 h to 0.5-1.0-mT 50-Hz extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF). This treatment induced a dose-dependent increase in the proliferation rate of all cell types, namely about 30% increase of cell proliferation after 72-h exposure to 1.0 mT. This was accompanied by increased percentage of cells in the S-phase after 12- and 48-h exposure. The ability of ELF-EMF to induce DNA damage was also investigated by measuring DNA strand breaks. A dose-dependent increase in DNA damage was observed in all cell lines, with two peaks occurring at 24 and 72 h. A similar pattern of DNA damage was observed by measuring formation of 8-OHdG adducts. The effects of ELF-EMF on cell proliferation and DNA damage were prevented by pretreatment of cells with an antioxidant like alpha-tocopherol, suggesting that redox reactions were involved. Accordingly, Rat-1 fibroblasts that had been exposed to ELF-EMF for 3 or 24 h exhibited a significant increase in dichlorofluorescein-detectable reactive oxygen species, which was blunted by alpha-tocopherol pretreatment. Cells exposed to ELF-EMF and examined as early as 6 h after treatment initiation also exhibited modifications of NF kappa B-related proteins (p65-p50 and I kappa B alpha), which were suggestive of increased formation of p65-p50 or p65-p65 active forms, a process usually attributed to redox reactions. These results suggest that ELF-EMF influence proliferation and DNA damage in both normal and tumor cells through the action of free radical species. This information may be of value for appraising the pathophysiologic consequences of an exposure to ELF-EMF.
PMID: 15777847 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Office ‘smog’ risk to health

From The Sunday Times
July 15, 2007

Office ‘smog’ risk to health

Jonathan Leake, Science Editor

THE electronic “smog” generated by computers, printers and other office equipment may be exposing workers to raised levels of pollutants and bacteria, a study has found.

The research, by Imperial College London, examined whether there was any substance to complaints by office workers who report headaches and other health problems after spending long periods working with electronic equipment.

Such claims are often dismissed by employers but the research suggests these electric fields can cause harm.

There has long been concern over the possible impact of electric fields. Last year the Oxford Childhood Cancer Research Group reported that children living within 200 metres of high-voltage power lines had a 69% higher risk of leukaemia than those living 600 metres or more away The possibility that similar effects might occur with the far lower voltages of domestic and office appliances has also been winning acceptance.

In the Imperial College study Keith Jamieson, who led the research, mapped the fields in a typical office.

“Electric fields have a powerful effect on the air. That is why the backs of computers get covered in dust,” he said. “The same thing happens to people’s skin and lungs. It increases the toxic load that the body has to deal with and raises the risk of contamination and infection.”

Kent County Bans Mobile Masts Due To Radiation Fears

Local council bans mobile masts
Kent County Council has banned all mobile phone masts from its properties because of fears about radiation omissions, and is believed to be the first council to be working towards a complete ban within its boundaries.

Antony Savvas, Network News, Network IT Week 31 Jan 2001

Kent County Council (KCC) has banned all mobile phone masts from its properties because of fears about radiation omissions, and is believed to be the first council to be working towards a complete ban within its boundaries.

KCC said it took the decision following the publication of last year's Stewart report into the possible health risks posed by mobile masts and mobile phones. Council leader Sandy Bruce-Lockhart said: "We take very seriously the findings of the Stewart report [which] called for a 'precautionary approach'."

The council has demanded that mobile operators request planning permission for all masts, even though existing planning law dictates that they only have to request permission if a mast is taller than 15m.

As the landlord of council property, KCC said it is entitled to turn down all requests and is appealing to school governors to do the same where they have jurisdiction.

It is also asking district councils within its boundary to turn down requests where they have jurisdiction, and is seeking the support of private landlords.

Many cash-strapped councils have already allowed masts on their property and are locked into contracts, but KCC's response to the new masts could be replicated up and down the country, posing serious problems for the mobile industry as it seeks to build completely new third-generation networks.

Another weapon set to be used against the mobile companies is the Human Rights Act. Solicitors acting for those opposed to masts claim the Act allows councils to turn down planning applications for masts, even though there is no scientific evidence linking the masts to human health risks.

Social Security staff in east London recently threatened industrial action over the location of masts on their building, and the plan was subsequently shelved.

First published in Network News

Mobile Phones Are Dumbing Down The Population

MOBILE PHONES 'DUMBING DOWN BRAIN POWER'
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/07/13/nbrain113.xml

The Telegraph
By Ben Quinn
Last Updated: 1:16am BST 15/07/2007

Telegraph technology blogs
An over reliance on technology is leading to a dumbing down of the nation’s brain power, according a study published today.

How could I ever live without you?

In a society flooded with mobile phones, Blackberry devices and computers of various shapes and sizes, a quarter of all Britons do not know their own landline number while as little as a third can recall more than three birthdays of their immediate family.

The research reveals that the average citizen has to remember five passwords, five pin numbers, two number plates, three security ID numbers and three bank account numbers just to get through day to day life.

Six out of ten people claimed that they suffer from “information overload,” stating that they need to write these numbers down in order to remember them.

However, more than half of the 3000 people surveyed admitted to using the same password across all accounts, leaving them at risk of potentially severe security breaches.

Professor Ian Robertson, a neuropsychology expert based at Trinity College Dublin who carried out the study, said: “People have more to remember these days, and they are relying on technology for their memory.

“But the less you use of your memory, the poorer it becomes. This may be reflected in the survey findings which show that the over 50s who grew up committing more to memory report better performance in many areas than those under 30 who are heavily reliant on technology to act as their day to day aide memoir.”

Professor Roberston, who oversaw the research to mark the launch of Puzzler Brain Trainer Magazine, said that a series of five simple exercises a day can help to increase memory capacity.

Other results of the two month study indicated that the majority (58 per cent) of the population wrongly believes that they are incapable of remembering the myriad of numbers and codes which they use in everyday life.

As many as a third of those surveyed under the age of 30 were unable to recall their home telephone number without resorting to their mobile phones or to notes.

When it came to remembering important dates such as the birthdays of close family relatives, 87 per cent of those over the age of 50 could remember the details, compared with 40 per cent of those under the age of 30.

Men came off worse than women. Only 55 per cent of men could remember their wedding anniversary, compared to 90 per cent of women.

GUINEA PIGS "R" US website now online

Are you and your children guinea pigs?

GUINEA PIGS "R" US website now online
http://guineapigsrus.org/

CHECK IT OUT -- Are you and your children guinea pigs???

Guinea pigs are adorable little animals. They can live relatively healthy lives between 5 and 8 years in "safe environmental conditions." Much of a guinea pig's biology is identical to that of a human.

The term "guinea pig" applies to humans in circumstances whereby they are exposed to toxic substances and/or unhealthy environmental situations that lead to health problems particularly when government and industry know that health effects may occur as result of chronic, prolonged exposures and knowledge in regard to possible harm is not shared with the people/public.

My family's story is long -- two grandsons with rare immune deficiencies who suffered for years with asthma, sinus and ear infections -- my husband has Alzheimers -- I have Type II diabetes --cumulatively, our family's list of health problems is 3 pages long!!!

We live only 50 ft. from two high voltage powerlines -- one 69kv transmission line and one 230kv transmission line plus local powerline of about 8kv. We provided daycare for our sick grandsons. Over many years, I have measured EMF's (electromagnetic fields) from about 2.0 milligauss to as high as 8.0 milligauss in our front entry and masterbedroom.

When our grandsons were diagnosed with "hypogammaglobulinemia" -- a description which means "low immune" -- there is no name for their 'disease' AND we were asked if children had died in our family PLUS being informed they may develop Leukemia, Lymphoma, stomach or colon cancers, we stopped caring for them in our home. The boys were deficient in IgG subclasses 1 and 3. We were also told that those particular deficiencies were not seen in children under age 10 whereas the boys were sick from infancy. I have research that indicates chronic, prolonged exposure to EMR (electromagnetic radiation) appears to be related to "aging."

As I said, the story is long, so I will just say that I later learned both boys were sleeping adjacent to "powerwalls" (walls opposite electric meters) in their respective homes. Bottom line: they were moved out of waterbeds and provided new beds with standard mattresses which were then placed against different walls in their bedrooms. Overall IgG testing confirmed significant improvement -- one boy was up 100 points and the other 204 points within five months of the bed changes!!!

Due to knowledge I acquired over many years that includes deliberate "minimizing of studies," "withholding of information," plus more on the part of government and industry, I decided to place a cage with pet guinea pigs against the "powerwall" in our own home -- the "exact spot" where our daughter (she has several rare and unusual health problems) slept from the age of five to about 18 years of age.

The whole story about the guinea pigs is very involved and long. They developed "asthma" soon after exposure and CBC's (complete blood counts including differentials) yielded results such as "hypersegmented neutrophils" (slowed DNA synthesis), neutropenia and lymphocytosis!!!! The symptoms confirmed their bone marrow had been affected and their blood tests indicated "pre-leukemic changes." I have a whole lot more very important information regarding those tests and necropsies but, for the sake of brevity, will add only that some four years later, I have one remaining guinea pig whose blood has improved to normal levels after being moved to the basement where milligauss readings have been in the range of 3.5mg to 4.5 mg lately. I do not advocate that those levels are "safe," however...........

The "1994 Minnesota Herd Study" (cows) by Dr. Duane Dahlberg, et al, found that cows subjected to various conditions frequently referred to as "stray voltage" developed neutropenia and lymphocytosis that was described as possibly "precancerous blood changes." While I was not aware of the "cow study" until after researching lab reports of CBC's from my guinea pigs, I also discovered "after-the-fact" that Dr. Andrew Marino of Louisiana State University had done a study on guinea pigs with identical results as that of the "cow study" and my guinea pig studies.

In addition to findings by the 1999 EMF RAPID Report that there is a connection between Leukemia in children and low levels of EMR (they also refer to "a weaker connection to adults and Leukemia in the workplace), the 2002 California EMF Report finds connections between brain cancer, Leukemia, Lou Gehrig's Disease and miscarriage to levels as low as 4.0 milligauss. There are ongoing studies particularly throughout the world while the U.S. Government continues to "keep the lid on the most important information!!!!"

I have a copy of a flyer that is no longer available from the American Cancer Society as well as a booklet put out by power companies themselves that recommends caution regarding chronic EMR exposure plus important information to share regarding personal contacts (they have given permission to use the information and/or their names) that is very, very important!!! Anyone who is experiencing any health effect whatsoever (from just poor sleep all the way to cancer) that might possibly be related to chronic electrical exposures should contact me for additional information.

I am compiling data that will soon be convincing enough to compel the Minnesota Environmental Health Department to take specific action in regard to informing the public of possible concerns regarding chronic EMR exposure. Because of the facts that exist regarding my family as well as my guinea pig studies, it is important to gather similar information and/or for those who are concerned, to "sort out" just which particular exposure might be the actual cause of health problems in question.

While I am "not an expert," I am nevertheless willing to help you decide whether or not you have a reason to be concerned and if so, am asking for your help in order to help others -- the providing of information and follow-up when you and/or your family find certain health problems disappear ......or continue, whichever the case may be. If it is determined that the high voltage powerlines rather than an electrical problem in the bedroom might be the cause of health problems, I can recommend steps to take as well as provide access to websites with more information, etc. Doctors are not researchers and they are not being told they should be advising their patients to be aware of certain circumstances re EMR that may be harmful.

Recently I was advised that the City of Andover (Minnesota) has five new Leukemia cases. The informant was concerned about the "corridor of high voltage powerlines" that run parallel to each other down Hanson Boulevard. Someone else told me there are two cases of Leukemia (in Andover) that are not close to those powerlines. It is vital that this information be presented to the Minnesota Department of Environmental Health in a certain way and NOT by individuals acting alone on behalf of their families!!!! That is what has allowed this situation to continue -- each person is told "sorry, but not enough evidence, etc........."

Best wishes for good health for you and your family!!!

Joanne C. Mueller
Guinea Pigs R Us
731 - 123rd Avenue N.W.
Minneapolis, Minnesota USA
Phone: 763-755-6114
Email: jcmpelican@aol.com

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Activist's blog battles phone giants

Thursday July 19, 2007
ACTIVIST'S BLOG BATTLE WITH PHONE GIANTS
By Rachel Lamb

A CAMPAIGNER is using the internet to wage war on communications giants hoping to install new mobile phone masts in the town.

Colin Buchanan has set up a blog crammed with newspaper articles and the latest scientific research into health risks associated with living near the masts.

The 52-year-old music teacher hopes his site – nomoremasts.blogspot.com – will help fuel a campaign to halt plans to erect phone masts in two busy residential areas of the town.

He said: “We need a moratorium on all new masts as well as reviews of all existing masts.

“This is the biggest health issue we have ever faced. Phone masts aren’t pretty, but even less pretty when you realise they are quite likely to have serious health implications if you live near one.”

Colin claims that mobile phone companies rely on out of date studies to back up claims that masts are safe and choose to ignore important research into possible health problems associated with the structures.

His website features studies from around the world which have raised serious concerns over the safety of phone masts.

He said: “I want to get a campaign going in Helensburgh that is similar to the ones being spearheaded down south. I’m trying to bring together people who are worried about this and are keen to do something about it.

“There is a whole narrative that’s been built up alleging that the masts are safe but it is based on research from 1998.

“It is wrong to claim there is no hard evidence of the dangers. There have been at least 12 scientific studies focusing on this since 2002 and all of them have shown serious health problems arising.

“The government and the mobile phone operators seem determined to cover up this evidence.”

O2 is currently in talks with Helensburgh Golf Club about installing a mast on their land – just a stone’s throw from Colin’s home in Machrie Drive.

T-Mobile is also seeking planning permission to erect a 3G phone mast at Helensburgh Bowling Club.

A spokeswoman for O2 said: “In the past five years, the mobile phone health issue has been subject to no less than 30 scientific reviews carried out within the UK and overseas.

“In all cases, these reviews have come to similar conclusions that there have been no adverse health consequences established from exposure to RF fields at levels below the international guidelines.

“After taking guidance from expert and regulatory bodies in the field, O2 is completely satisfied that mobile base stations operating within the existing guidelines are safe and do not pose a health risk to members of the public.”

A spokesperson for T-Mobile said: “T-Mobile does not seek to minimise any potential health effects currently being studied and we have no influence over international bodies such as the WHO and ICNIRP which peer-review all the worldwide scientific studies

“The overwhelming international scientific consensus is that radio waves, at power levels beneath agreed international levels, do not cause adverse health effects.

“This scientific view is represented in the advice of the Health Protection Agency here in the UK and is the underlying principle of the planning regime for mobile phone masts in Scotland.”

Thursday, July 19, 2007

Poster Issued by the Vienna Medical Association Defies Cell Phone Industry



RADIATING INFORMATION

Radiation of cellular telephones is not danger free, as the cellular companies claim at present.

Therefore, the Doctors Chamber of Vienna has taken a responsible decision to make the public aware of the possibility of negative influences of cellular radiation, from a medical point of view.

TEN MEDICAL RULES RELATING TO CELLULAR TELEPHONES

• In principle, telephone calls should be as few and as brief as possible. It is recommended that children and youth abstain from conducting cellular telephone calls!

• The cellular telephone should not be held near the head while sending out the call!

• Cellular telephones should not be used in vehicles (cars, buses, trains) – the radiation there is higher!

• While sending SMS messages the cellular telephone should be held as far away as possible from the body!

• During a cellular telephone conversation a distance of several meters should be kept from other people – the radiation is harmful to them as well!

• No on-line games (GPRS) should be played on the cellular telephone!

• Wired speaker telephones are dubious – the wire conducts the radiation!

• LAN or UMTS wireless speaker telephones create a high radiation load!

• Cellular telephones should not be kept in trousers pockets – the radiation may harm masculine fertility!

• Cellular telephones should be turned off during the night and, they should be kept away from the sleeping area!

DO NOT USE CELLULAR TELEPHONES IN WAITING ROOMS, THEY ARE HARMFUL AND DISTURBING!

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