WIRELESS SAFETY GROUP
P.O. Box
2340
Novato,
CA 94948-2340
415-898-1200
BENEFITS OF WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
Almost everyone is excited
about wireless technology. It allows them to do all kinds of things that were
not possible in the past. For example, people can check and send e-mail,
download movies, upload pictures, enjoy social media, and search for
information with a portable hand-held device (such as a cell phone, smart
phone, and tablet). In addition, wireless technology is critical to most
businesses, governmental agencies, and the medical community because it has
become a part of their everyday operations. There is no question that this is
one of the fastest growing industries worldwide creating jobs and business
opportunities. However, there are health and safety concerns which must be
considered.
INDUSTRY HISTORY SNAPSHOT
In 1996, the Federal
Communications Commission ("FCC") established certain guidelines for
the fast-growing cellular industry (the Telecommunications Act of 1996). At the
time, low-power transmitters were an inherent characteristic of cellular radio
and broadband Personal Communications Service ("PCS"). A typical
cellular base station was transmitting a couple hundred watts of radio
frequency ("RF") power, and FCC guidelines for health and safety were
based on those relatively low power levels.
Cellular systems were
generally designed to operate on a centralized data processing basis whereby
large geographical areas (defined in the FCC's rules) were served by antennas
located on tall buildings and towers. As a rule, this was a line-of-sight
proposition whereby radio signals could reach mobile and handheld devices
provided that they were not blocked by buildings or other obstacles. When the
line of sight was impeded, a cellular call would be automatically handed off to
another cell site that could provide coverage.
This worked fine in most
areas, but as more applications became available and the demand for them grew,
it became necessary to change the way calls (voice and data) were handled.
Instead of having one antenna to cover a very large area and processing the
calls at a central point, smaller antennas began to appear on rooftops in
neighborhoods and on buildings in downtown areas with distributed computer
processing at those sites to handle the increased volume of traffic. It also
became necessary to boost transmitter power levels to the point where it is not
unusual to find a cellular base station generating thousands of watts (pulsed
RF radiation) to cover a relatively small service area.
So, what started out as a
low-power cellular network with centralized voice and data processing has
turned into a high-power RF network utilizing distributed data processing with
cellular antennas springing up all over. Unfortunately, the health and safety
guidelines established by the FCC many years ago have not been updated to take
this into account. Although the FCC is reconsidering those guidelines as part
of an ongoing rulemaking proceeding, it is unlikely that existing exposure
limits will be changed. This is mainly due to strong industry influence --
after all, the wireless business is a big money maker for the service
providers, and they do not want more restrictive regulations.
UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES
It should be noted that we
are not opposed to wireless technology, and understand that more benefits will
be realized in the future. However, we are concerned about potential health and
safety issues associated with the increased amount of RF power service
providers are using and the number of cellular base stations being installed.
For example, there are currently more than 800 cellular base stations in San
Francisco, and it is not unusual to find new installations where the effective
radiated RF power exceeds 7,000 to 8,000 watts. In neighborhoods and downtown
areas where there are a large number of cellular base stations installed, there
are high levels of pulsed RF radiation 24/7 where people live and work.
Demand for cellular
service is increasing at a substantial rate, and there is heavy competition
between the service providers wanting to dominate the marketplace. For example,
AT&T Mobility has a stated corporate goal of providing Long Term Evolution
(LTE) services to 80% of the population in the United States. There are also
other service providers that would like to have a bigger piece of the market as
well. According to the service providers' five-year plans in San Francisco, it
is fair to assume that RF power levels will double in the near future to keep
up with demand.
TOO MANY CELLULAR BASE STATIONS
A good example of such
growth is the fact that during the last ten years, the San Francisco Planning
Department has denied very few applications by wireless service providers to
install a cellular base station on an apartment house or other rooftop location
in the City. As mentioned above, there are in excess of 800 such installations,
and the number is growing at an alarming rate. Everywhere you look, you see
another cellular base station sprouting up making neighborhoods look like
antenna farms. If you look carefully, you will find antennas camouflaged as
trees, flag poles, crosses on church steeples, and so on. Now, if you multiply what
has happened in the City of San Francisco by the number of major cities across
the United States, you can see how this wonderful new wireless technology is
spinning out of control.
One of the reasons for
this trend is federal legislation that requires federal, state and local
agencies to approve (or reject) certain applications from cellular service
providers within 150 days from the time they are filed. If these agencies fail
to act promptly, they can be sued in federal court, and the threat of such litigation
pressures them to acquiesce to the cellular service providers -- even if the
residents do not want a cellular base station in their neighborhood.
PUBLIC CONCERN
The City and County of San
Francisco's Wireless Telecommunications Services (WTS) Facilities Siting
Guidelines (dated 8/15/96) do mention public concerns about the installation of
cellular base stations. It states, in part, that:
Numerous residents,
neighborhood groups, citywide civic groups and organizations, City agencies,
and other interested parties have expressed concerns with WTS facilities in the
City.
Among the concerns expressed are:
Health and Safety
• Dissatisfaction with current inconclusive research on long-term human health effects of exposure to EMR and RF emissions from WTS installations and lack of conclusive human epidemiological studies and findings regarding this exposure; • Dissatisfaction with Federal safety standards for EMR due to perceived undue influence of telecommunications industry representation on the Boards that selected the FCC adopted standards; • General skepticism regarding telecommunications industry claims of no adverse effects of WTS facilities and likening these claims to previous claims of no harmful effects from aerosol spray (to the ozone layer), of second-hand smoke, of lead paint, or of asbestos insulation; and • Concern that if antennas are loosened by vandals or an earthquake, they can fall on passersby or the altered panel can "beam" a signal, and any associated EMR, toward a habitable unit.
Visual/Aesthetics
• Proliferation of antennae and "back up" equipment on a particular building which can be viewed from the street and/or which impede views from adjacent residential units or public view corridors (antennae farms); • Concern with potential visual clutter in certain neighborhoods where there may be many users and each carrier will want to install numerous antennae to increase the capacity of their system; and • Concern that carriers will not remove visually intrusive WTS facilities that are obsolete or that they are not using for normal service.
The same kind of concerns
have been expressed across the United States, but we are just showing what is
embodied in San Francisco's WTS siting guidelines to illustrate this point.
Unfortunately, the service providers and their lobbyists have deep pockets and
strong political dominance to push aside many of the concerns that have been
raised, and the installations continue.
CHILDREN, THE ELDERLY AND OTHERS WITH MEDICAL ISSUES
If we lived in a perfect
world where people did not have health problems, there would be less concern
about RF radiation exposure. However, in reality, people do have medical
issues, and they are not being vetted when cellular base stations are being
proposed. In fact, RF radiation levels that may be considered safe for most
people, may be a serious problem for others.
Children are a good
example: their immune systems are not fully developed until they reach their
late teens. As a result, they are more susceptible to environmental pollutants
like RF radiation. The same is true of pregnant women and their unborn
children. The elderly also suffer from compromised immune systems (due to the
aging process), and are more vulnerable.
Aside from immune system
deficiency, there is also an issue of neurobehavioral problems that may be
attributed to environmental pollution. Many doctors and scientists believe that
the sharp rise in autism, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and
other maladies is associated with wireless technology.
Sadly, people do not have
a choice as to whether a cellular base station will be installed in their
neighborhood or on a building close to where they work. Therefore, they become
a potential victim of RF radiation even though they are told it is safe because
the levels are within certain FCC exposure guidelines. Individuals can limit
their use of cell phones and other wireless devices to reduce RF radiation
exposure as a precautionary measure, but people living and working next to a
cellular base station do not have that choice.
THE FUTURE
On June 14, 2013, FCC
Wireless Telecommunications Bureau Chief Ruth Milkman stated that cellular data
traffic increased more than 1200% in the United States from 2009 to 2013, and
we believe that future growth will eclipse that figure. This means that RF
emissions from cellular base stations will also increase at an astronomical
rate thereby raising more questions about the health and safety of the new
technology.
Service providers assure
us that they are not exceeding safe levels of RF radiation established by the
FCC, but this is really a numbers game that very few people understand. For
example, RF engineering reports that are given to local decision-making
agencies state that maximum permissible exposure levels from cellular base
stations are less than 1 mW/cm² which is far below guidelines established by
the FCC. However, these studies are paid for by the service providers, and do
not tell the whole story.
Some of our goals are:
1. To reduce RF emissions by requiring service providers to use more realistic power levels to serve their customers. This is something that we could accomplish under current federal, state, and local law.
2. To develop a new metric for measuring wireless RF radiation that is grounded in scientific data instead of "proprietary software" that is used by industry-paid RF engineering firms to assure decision-makers and the public that proposed cellular base stations are safe.3. To oversee a national RF monitoring program that shows governmental agencies and the public how much RF radiation is being emitted by cellular base stations on an hour-by-hour, day-by-day basis similar to other environmental pollution reporting.
4. To encourage improved technologies that would be environmentally friendly, and easy to implement by service providers.
If you would like to
provide assistance or need additional information, please contact us for
further details.
Your help will make a
difference.
David L. Wilner,
President
Wireless Safety Group
P.O. Box 2340
Novato, CA
94948-2340
415-898-1200
DavidLWilner@aol.com
http://www.wirelesssafetygroup.com
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