Specific Absorption Rate evaluation in apple exposed to RF radiation from GSM mobile towers
Kundu A, IEEE (2013). Specific Absorption Rate evaluation in apple exposed to RF radiation from GSM mobile towers. IEEE Applied Electromagnetics Conference (AEMC), IEEE (ISBN 978-1-4799-3266-5). p. 1-2.
Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is a measure of the rate at which energy is absorbed by an object when exposed to an electromagnetic field. SAR evaluation at different human organs due to cell phone radiation is very common today. On the other hand, none has yet considered that the plants, fruits and crops get exposed to RF radiation from cell phone towers 24 hours a day without any shielding.
Therefore, the purpose of this research paper is to evaluate SAR in apple fruit (in tree) due to radiation coming from cell phone towers in GSM bands at controlled and public exposure zones. SAR has been evaluated in an apple with CST MICROWAVE STUDIO (CST-MWS) simulator based on Finite Integration Technique (FIT).
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/
Excerpts
... RF exposure guideline has been set for human by International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection [ICNIRP] along with some other international guidelines from FCC and IEEE ... But, whether these prescribed RF exposure limits are safe for the plants, fruits and crops or not, has not been taken into consideration yet. In practical scenario, plants, fruits and crops get more exposure to electromagnetic radiation (24 hours a day without any shielding) from GSM cell phone base station antennas.
SAR results for apple are very high in GSM 1800 MHz compared to GSM 900 MHz at controlled exposure zone and a similar picture gets reflected even at public exposure zone. Wavelength within an apple is (16.67/√64) cm = 2.08 cm; so there would be several nodes and anti-nodes which might result in local temperature rise. In addition, if the twig of the apple is cosidered, evaluated SAR results would be higher.
Since the evaluated SAR for exposure limit much lower than the maximum limit prescribed by ICNIRP appears to be so high in GSM 1800 MHz band, it seems to be a serious concern and the issue needs to be investigated further in more details with respect to apple as well as other fruits.
... RF exposure guideline has been set for human by International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection [ICNIRP] along with some other international guidelines from FCC and IEEE ... But, whether these prescribed RF exposure limits are safe for the plants, fruits and crops or not, has not been taken into consideration yet. In practical scenario, plants, fruits and crops get more exposure to electromagnetic radiation (24 hours a day without any shielding) from GSM cell phone base station antennas.
SAR results for apple are very high in GSM 1800 MHz compared to GSM 900 MHz at controlled exposure zone and a similar picture gets reflected even at public exposure zone. Wavelength within an apple is (16.67/√64) cm = 2.08 cm; so there would be several nodes and anti-nodes which might result in local temperature rise. In addition, if the twig of the apple is cosidered, evaluated SAR results would be higher.
Since the evaluated SAR for exposure limit much lower than the maximum limit prescribed by ICNIRP appears to be so high in GSM 1800 MHz band, it seems to be a serious concern and the issue needs to be investigated further in more details with respect to apple as well as other fruits.
--
Joel M. Moskowitz, Ph.D., Director
Center for Family and Community Health
School of Public Health
University of California, Berkeley
Electromagnetic Radiation Safety
Website: http://www.saferemr.com
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