Thursday, March 28, 2013

"Quizás dos niños hayan muerto para que tengas tu teléfono móvil"


"Quizás dos niños hayan muerto para que tengas tu teléfono móvil"

Por Inés Benítez
MÁLAGA, España, sep (Tierramérica) - "Puede que dos niños hayan muerto para que tú tengas ese teléfono móvil", dice Jean-Bertin, un congoleño de 34 años que denuncia el "silencio absoluto" sobre los crímenes cometidos en su país por la explotación de materias primas estratégicas como el "coltán".
La República Democrática del Congo (RDC) posee al menos 64 por ciento de las reservas mundiales de coltán, nombre popular en África central para designar las rocas formadas por dos minerales, columbita y tantalita.

De la mena de tantalita se extrae el tantalio, un metal de transición duro, de color azul grisáceo y brillo metálico, resistente a la corrosión y que se emplea en condensadores para una enorme variedad de productos, como teléfonos móviles, computadoras y tabletas, así como en audífonos, prótesis, implantes y aleaciones para turbinas, entre muchos otros.

"La maldición de la RDC es su riqueza. Occidente y todo el que fabrica armas mete las narices allí", lamenta Jean-Bertin, que llegó hace ocho años a la sureña ciudad española de Málaga desde Kinshasa, donde viven sus padres y dos hermanos.

La extracción de coltán contribuye a mantener uno de los mayores conflictos armados de África, que ha causado más de cinco millones de muertos, desplazamientos masivos y violaciones de 300.000 mujeres en los últimos 15 años, según organizaciones de derechos humanos.

Esto fue reconocido en 2001 por el Consejo de Seguridad de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU), que confirmó la existencia del "vínculo entre la explotación ilegal de los recursos naturales y la continuación del conflicto en la República Democrática del Congo".

Un Grupo de Expertos convocado por el Consejo registró hasta 2003 unas 157 empresas e individuos de todo el mundo vinculados de un modo u otro a la extracción ilegal de materias primas valiosas en la DRC.

La explotación de coltán en decenas de yacimientos informales, salpicados en la jungla oriental de la DRC, financia a los grupos armados y corrompe a militares y funcionarios.

La extracción artesanal, sin ningún control de calidad, comporta un régimen laboral cercano a la esclavitud y un gran daño al ambiente y a la salud de los trabajadores, incluyendo niños, según el filme documental de 2010 "Blood in the Mobile" (Sangre en el celular), del director danés Frank Piasecki.

Pero fuentes de la industria, como el Tantalum-Niobium International Study Center (TIC), advierten que los yacimientos de coltán de la RDC y de toda la región de África central están lejos de ser la fuente principal de tantalio.

Australia fue el principal productor de tantalio durante varios años y más recientemente creció la producción sudamericana y asiática, además de otras fuentes, como el reciclaje.

El TIC estima que las mayores reservas conocidas de tantalio están en Brasil y Australia, y últimamente se han reportado hallazgos en Venezuela y Colombia.

La RDC tiene otras riquezas naturales igualmente contrabandeadas, como oro, casiterita (mineral de estaño), cobalto, cobre, maderas preciosas y diamantes. Pero está en el último lugar del Índice de Desarrollo Humano 2011.

En este escenario, las denuncias de la sociedad civil organizada apelan cada vez más a los consumidores de productos que contengan estos materiales.

En España, la Red de Entidades para la R. D. del Congo –una coalición de organizaciones no gubernamentales y centros de investigación– lanzó en febrero la campaña "No con mi móvil" para exigir a los fabricantes que se comprometan a no usar coltán de origen ilegal.

La aparición de nuevas fuentes de tantalio y el reciclaje deberían ayudar a reducir la presión de la demanda sobre el coltán congoleño.

La organización Entreculturas y la Cruz Roja Española promueven desde 2004 la campaña nacional "Dona tu móvil" para animar la entrega de aparatos viejos para reutilizarlos o reciclar sus componentes. Los fondos obtenidos se invierten en proyectos de educación, ambiente y desarrollo para sectores pobres de la población.

Hasta julio se habían recolectado 732.025 aparatos y recaudado más de un millón de euros, señaló a Tierramérica la coordinadora de la campaña en Entreculturas, Ester Sanguino.

Pero fundaciones y empresas dedicadas al reciclaje, consultadas por Tierramérica, coinciden en que sería imposible abastecer con esta fuente una porción significativa de la creciente demanda mundial de tantalio.

La presión del mercado hace que la gente actualice su teléfono móvil cada poco tiempo, y por eso el reciclaje, aunque se hiciese a gran escala, no daría abasto, dijo a Tierramérica una fuente de BCD Electro, empresa de reutilización y reciclado informático y electrónico.

Y la telefonía móvil es solo un segmento de las aplicaciones actuales del tantalio.

Apple e Intel anunciaron en 2011 que dejarían de comprar tantalio procedente de la antigua colonia belga. Nokia y Samsung han hecho declaraciones similares.

Samsung asegura en su página corporativa que tomó medidas para garantizar que sus terminales "no contienen materiales derivados del coltán congoleño extraído ilegalmente".

De hecho, los códigos de conducta empresariales vinieron a llenar el vacío de normas taxativas.

El esfuerzo más amplio es el de las "Líneas directrices de la OCDE (Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico) para empresas multinacionales", pues comprende a todas las naciones industriales socias de ese club.

Pero el largo y opaco circuito del coltán congoleño hace difícil demostrar que tales códigos se cumplen.

Los minerales ilegalmente explotados son contrabandeados a través de países vecinos como Ruanda y Uganda hacia Europa, China y otros destinos.

"Los grupos rebeldes proliferan por la riqueza de las tierras en coltán, diamantes u oro", dijo a Tierramérica el coordinador de la organización humanitaria Farmamundi en la RDC, Raimundo Rivas.

Los gobiernos vecinos son "cómplices" y "hasta el momento todo se ha visto apoyado y encubierto por las empresas beneficiarias, en su último destino, de esas riquezas", aseveró.

"Hay muchos intereses económicos alrededor del negocio del coltán", sostuvo Jean-Bertin, que se autodefine como parte de los "combattant congolais", congoleños de la diáspora que denuncian las violaciones de derechos humanos en su país. Mientras, en la RDC "las matanzas son reales. La sangre está en todas partes" y, sin embargo, "es como si el Congo no existiera".

Por eso genera expectativas la decisión de la Comisión de Valores de Estados Unidos (SEC por sus siglas inglesas), que el 22 de agosto reglamentó un capítulo de la Ley de Protección del Consumidor y Reforma de Wall Street, referido a los "minerales de conflictos".

La norma 1502 establece que todas las empresas nacionales o internacionales ya obligadas a entregar información anual a la SEC y que manufacturen o contraten la manufactura de productos que contengan uno de los cuatro minerales de conflictos (estaño, tantalio, tungsteno y oro) deberán adoptar medidas para determinar su origen mediante el análisis de la cadena de suministro.

Pero el primer informe deberá presentarse el 31 de mayo de 2014, un plazo considerado excesivo por defensores de derechos humanos, que denuncian los crímenes que se siguen cometiendo en la RDC, pese a la presencia desde 2010 de una misión de paz de la ONU.

Con la mirada nublada de rabia y su hija de seis meses en los brazos, el congoleño Jean-Bertin insiste en que los grupos armados "les dan armas a muchos niños y los obligan a meterse en uno u otro bando".

Para Rivas, "la única solución es un gobierno fuerte en la RDC, que pueda responder a los ataques, y un apoyo internacional real que penalice a aquellas empresas sospechosas de importar minerales de zonas en conflicto".

* Este artículo fue publicado originalmente el 8 de septiembre por la red latinoamericana de diarios de Tierramérica.(FIN/2012)

“Two Children May Have Died for You to Have Your Mobile Phone”


“Two Children May Have Died for You to Have Your Mobile Phone”

MALAGA, Spain, Sep 12 2012 (IPS) - “It’s possible that two children died so that you could have that mobile phone,” says Jean-Bertin, a 34-year-old Congolese activist who wants to end the “absolute silence” around the crimes committed in his country to exploit strategic raw materials like coltan.
The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has at least 64 percent of worldwide reserves of coltan, the colloquial African name for a dull black ore composed of two minerals, columbite and tantalite.
Tantalum, the metal extracted from this ore, is a rare, hard, blue-gray, lustrous transition metal that is highly corrosion resistant. It is used in the production of capacitors for electronic equipment such as mobile phones, computers and tablets, as well as in earphones, prosthetics, implants and turbine blades, among many other products.
Mobile phones ready for recycling. Credit: Courtesy of Entreculturas
“The DRC’s greatest curse is its wealth. The West and all the others who manufacture weapons have their noses stuck in there,” laments Jean-Bertin, who arrived eight years ago to the southern Spanish city of Málaga from Kinshasa, where his parents and two brothers still live.
The extraction of coltan contributes to maintaining one of the bloodiest armed conflicts in Africa, which has led to more than five million deaths, massive displacements of the population, and the rape of 300,000 women in the last 15 years, according to human rights organisations.
This fact was acknowledged by the United Nations Security Council in 2001, which confirmed the “links between the exploitation of natural resources and the continuation of the conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.”
As of 2003, a Panel of Experts convened by the Security Council had identified 157 companies and individuals from around the world involved in some way with the illegal extraction of valuable raw materials in the DRC.
The exploitation of coltan in dozens of informal mines, scattered throughout the jungle in the eastern DRC, is used for financing armed groups and the personal enrichment of military and government officials.
Artisanal mining, with no controls, is carried out in semi-slave labor conditions and causes significant damage to the environment and the health of workers, including children, according to the 2010 documentary film “Blood in the Mobile” by Danish director Frank Piasecki.
But industry sources, such as the Tantalum-Niobium International Study Centre (TIC), take pains to stress that the coltan reserves in the DRC and elsewhere in central Africa are far from being the world’s main source of tantalum.
Australia was the leading producer of tantalum for several years and production has recently grown in South America and Asia, in addition to production from other sources, such as recycling.
According to the TIC, the largest known reserves of tantalum are in Brazil and Australia, and discoveries have recently been reported in Venezuela and Colombia.
The DRC possesses other forms of natural wealth that are also widely smuggled, such as gold, cassiterite (a tin oxide mineral), cobalt, copper, precious woods and diamonds. Nevertheless, the country ranks in last place on the 2011 Human Development Index.
Faced with this situation, civil society organisations are placing ever more emphasis on raising awareness among consumers of products containing these materials.
In Spain, a network of non-governmental groups and research centres that focus on the DRC launched a campaign in February to demand a commitment from manufacturers that they will not use illegally sourced coltan.
The discovery of new sources of tantalum and recycling should contribute to reducing the demand for Congolese coltan.
The NGO Entreculturas and the Spanish branch of the Red Cross have joined forces since 2004 in a campaign called “Dona tu móvil” (Donate Your Mobile), encouraging the public to drop off their old electronic devices for reuse or recycling of their components. The money raised is invested in educational, environmental and development projects for poor sectors of the population.
As of this July they had collected 732,025 devices and earned more than a million euro, Ester Sanguino, the coordinator of the campaign for Entreculturas, told Tierramérica.
But the organisations and companies involved in recycling consulted by Tierramérica concurred that it would be impossible for this source of tantalum to contribute to meeting the growing worldwide demand for the metal to any significant extent.
Market pressures encourage people to replace their mobile telephones after only a short time, which means that even if recycling took place on a large scale, the tantalum obtained would not meet demand, said a source at BCD Electro, a company that specialises in the reuse and recycling of electronic and computer equipment.
And mobile phones represent just one market segment in which tantalum is currently used.
Apple and Intel announced in 2011 that they would no longer buy tantalum from the former Belgian colony. Nokia and Samsung have made similar pledges.
Samsung states on its website that it has taken steps “to endeavour that our mobile phones do not contain materials derived from illegally mined Congolese coltan.”
Such corporate codes of conduct essentially fill the void left by the lack of prescriptive rules.
The most far-reaching effort in this regard is that of the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, since it extends to all of the industrialised nations that are members of this group.
But the long and shadowy paths travelled by Congolese coltan make it difficult to prove whether these codes are upheld.
Illegally mined minerals are smuggled through neighbouring countries like Rwanda and Uganda to Europe, China and other markets.
“Rebel groups proliferate because of the land’s wealth of coltan, diamonds and gold,” said the coordinator of the humanitarian organisation Farmamundi in the DRC, Raimundo Rivas.
Neighboring governments are “complicit” and “up until now this has all been supported and covered up by the companies that benefit from these riches at their final destination,” he told Tierramérica.
“There are many economic interests around the coltan business,” stressed Jean-Bertin, who describes himself as one of the “combattant congolais”, Congolese living abroad who protest and denounce the human rights violations in their country. In the meantime, in the DRC, “the killings are real. The blood is everywhere.” And nevertheless, “it is as if the Congo didn’t exist.”
This is why expectations have been raised by a recent decision of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), which adopted new rules on Aug. 22 under Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act relating to the use of “conflict minerals”.
Section 1502 establishes that all national and international companies already required to report annually to the SEC which manufacture or contract to manufacture products containing at least one of four conflict minerals (tin, tantalum, tungsten and gold) must adopt measures to determine their origin through supply chain analysis.
But the first report would not be filed until May 31, 2014, considered an overly long waiting time by human rights defenders, who stress that crimes continue to be committed in the DRC despite the presence of a UN peace mission since 2010.
Holding his six-month-old daughter in his arms, Jean-Bertin is visibly upset as he describes how armed groups in the DRC “give weapons to children and force them to join with one side or the other.”
For Rivas, “the only solution is a strong government in the DRC that can respond to the attacks, and real international support that penalises companies suspected of importing minerals from conflict zones.”
* This story was originally published by Latin American newspapers that are part of the Tierramérica network. Tierramérica is a specialised news service produced by IPS with the backing of the United Nations Development Programme, United Nations Environment Programme and the World Bank.

West Kelowna man claims Smart Meters are killing him



West Kelowna man claims Smart Meters are killing him

They say the problems began after a group of smart meters were installed by BC Hydro in front of their home last year -- coincidentally around the same time Jerry had his first stroke. Global Okanagan/Jeff Martin
It’s not the first time people have raised concerns about the health effects of smart meters.
But an Okanagan man claims the meters may be interfering with an important medical device – his pacemaker.
Jerry Smith, 70, of West Kelowna is partially paralyzed as a result of the 10 strokes he’s had since last August.
“I’m scared of getting more strokes. The doctor said I’m a walking time bomb.”
Smith also lost almost 90 pounds and can no longer do anything except lie around.
Things weren’t always so bleak. Last year, his health actually got better after he had a pacemaker put in.
“He had more energy,” says Smith’s wife Joyce. “He felt better.”
Then things began things began to deteriorate.


“The last one (stroke) was a really bad one,” says Joyce.
Doctors told the couple they weren’t sure why the strokes were happening. But the couple has their own theory.
They say the problems began after a group of smart meters were installed by BC Hydro in front of their home last year — coincidentally around the same time Jerry had his first stroke.
They believe the smart meters are interfering with his pacemaker.
“They (BC Hydro) put the smart meters in and when I came home from the hospital I just felt myself going downhill. I had another stroke,” says Smith.
In recent years there have been numerous anti-smart meter campaigns not only in B.C., but across North America.
And despite overwhelming evidence by public health officials, Health Canada and even the World Health Organization — labeling smart meters safe, there are still many who feel otherwise. But BC Hydro insists they’re safe.
“We had an independent consulting firm study smart meters and how frequently they’re communicating and that study showed they communicate on average of 1.4 seconds per day,” says BC Hydro spokesman Dag Sharman. “Not only is the frequency insignificant, but they’re not on very often at all.”
BC Hydro will be sending a group of engineers to conduct tests on Smith’s meters next week.
http://globalnews.ca/news/379387/west-kelowna-man-claims-smart-meters-are-killing-him/

Tuesday, March 26, 2013

Letter from the American Academy of Environmental Medicine concerning High-Powered WiFi Systems in Schools

Letter from the American Academy of Environmental Medicine concerning High-Powered WiFi Systems in Schools
American Academy of Environmental Medicine
6505 E Central Ste 296 Wichita, KS 67206
Tel: (316) 684-5500  Fax: (316) 684-5709


March 19, 2013

Los Angeles Unified School District
333 S Beaudry Ave #24
Los Angeles, CA 90017

The American Academy of Environmental Medicine comprises Medical Doctors, Osteopaths and PhD researchers focusing on the effects of environmental agents on human health. For forty years the Academy has trained Physicians to treat the most difficult, to heal patients who are often overlooked by our medical system because the cause of their illness is a chemical, solvent, or toxic metal, not a bacteria, virus or other traditionally understood cause.

In recent years our members and colleagues have reported an increase in patients whose symptoms are reversible by eliminating wireless radiating devices in their homes such as cell phones, cordless phones and wireless internet systems.

There is consistent emerging science that shows people, especially children are affected by the increasing exposure to wireless radiation. In September 2010, the Journal of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine Fertility and Sterility reported that only four hours of exposure to a standard laptop using WiFi caused DNA damage to human sperm.

In May 2011, the World Health Organization elevated exposure to wireless radiation, including WiFi, onto the Class 2b list of Carcinogens. In October 2012, the AAEM issued a public warning about WiFi in schools that stated:

Adverse health effects from wireless radio frequency fields, such as learning disabilities, altered immune responses, and headaches, clearly exist and are well documented in the scientific literature. Safer technology, such as use of hardwiring, is strongly recommended in schools.

In December 2012, the American Academy of Pediatrics ‐ representing 60,000 pediatricians, wrote to Congress requesting it update the safety levels of microwave radiation exposure especially for children and pregnant women.

The WiFi systems in schools are typically hundreds of times more powerful than the home consumer systems you may be familiar with. They are also dozens of times more powerful than the cafe and restaurant systems you may have been exposed to. The WiFi systems in schools are necessarily more powerful than any microwave communication systems in any other setting because they are required to run hundreds of computers simultaneously. They are also exposing children the Los Angeles Unified School District  most vulnerable to microwave radiation to extended  periods all day, for their entire childhood.

This is an unprecedented exposure with unknown outcome on the health and reproductive potential of a generation.

To install this system in Los Angeles risks a widespread public health question that the medical system is not yet prepared to answer.

In October 2013, the AAEM is organizing an international medical conference in Phoenix AZ to teach doctors how to identify patients whose symptoms can be reversed by eliminating exposure to WiFi, cell phones and other forms of wireless radiation in the home.

It is unlikely that there are currently enough doctors in Los Angeles County familiar with the biological effects of microwave radiation to diagnose and treat the numbers of children who will potentially become symptomatic from exposure to your wireless system should you elect toinstall it. 

Statistics show that you can expect an immediate reaction in 3% of your students and timedelayed reactions in 30% of them. This will also include teachers.

The American Academy of Environmental Medicine suggests strongly that you do not add to the burden of public health by installing blanket wireless internet connections in Los Angeles schools. Hardwired internet connections are not only safer, they are stronger, and more secure. Children, who are required by law to attend school also require a higher level of protection than
the general public. 

You may be directed by technology proponents that the science on the
human health effects of WiFi is not yet certain. This uncertainty is not a reason to subject a generation of children to such extreme exposure. Rather, it is the foundation upon which caution must be exercised to prevent a potential public health disaster.

While technicians and sales staff argue about the validity of the dangers posed by cell towers, cell phones, WiFi and other forms of wireless radiation, it is the doctors who must deal with the
fall out. 

Until we, as doctors, can determine why some of our patients become debilitatingly sick from WiFi and other microwave communications, while others do not, we implore you not to take such a known risk with the health of so many children who have entrusted you to keep them safe while at school.

Respectfully,

The Executive Committee of the American Academy of Environmental Medicine


Wednesday, January 30, 2013

Cancer fears over mobile phone antennae at university in Hong Kong


Cancer fears over mobile phone antennae at 
university in Hong Kong
Rooftops at HKUST are clogged with ever more mobile phone antennae - so much so that 
residents fear a link between radiation and cancer cases

Simon Parry 

Sunday, 27 January, 2013, 12:00amsmp_news_foucs_aerials.art_3.jpg
It must rank as one of the most spectacular university campuses in the world - a dramatic vista commanding vertigo-inducing views across some of the most unspoilt stretches of coastline in the New Territories.
But compare the outlook from the dizzy heights of the University of Science and Technology in Clear Water Bay to that of a few years ago and you may notice that something new breaks up the horizon of outlying islands and passing yachts: dozens of mobile phone antennae.Mobile phone antennae at the University of Science and Technology

In a process that began some six years ago, telecom companies have paid the university to put more and more antennae on teaching blocks and student and staff quarters to improve mobile phone signals in a once notoriously patchy corner of the city for reception.
From just a handful of antennae in 2007, long-term campus residents count 87 rooftop antennae, or base stations, dotted liberally across campus buildings in what may be the highest density of mobile phone antennae per head of population anywhere in Hong Kong.
For the university, with its student body of 12,600 and teaching staff of over 500, it's a win-win arrangement.
Mobile phone companies improve their coverage, including the signal on campus, and provide welcome funds for the university's scholarship programme (although it will not say precisely how much).
But for some academics with young families living on campus - who have seen a new batch of antennae spring up over the Christmas break - the antennae have gradually changed from an architectural oddity into a nagging health concern.
Fuelled by overseas stories of alleged rises in cancer rates in areas close to clusters of mobile phone antennae, they fear their health and that of their children is being put in jeopardy.
They say they have not been informed when additional antennae are put in place and are now preparing an online petition that will demand, among other things, to know why the university has allowed so many antennae and how much money it has been paid.
Concerns over the antennae have escalated to the point where residents are questioning whether there is a link between cancer cases on the campus in recent years involving both teaching staff and students.
Speaking on condition of anonymity, because of the impact she fears it would have on her job, one academic said the erection of new antennae this month meant there were 11 antennae on just two campus apartment blocks housing 22 families - many of them with young children. One block has a kindergarten on the ground floor.
"When the first two mobile phone antennae appeared on staff residential blocks in 2007, some 30 to 40 residents signed a letter expressing concern over it," the woman said. "One lady living directly below the antennae with two young children was quite upset about it.
"We were told that radiation levels were within safe limits and that everything was safe. We let the matter lie until now when more and more antennae have appeared."
She claimed there had been 10 cases of cancer in the past four years among residents of the 19 tower blocks where academic staff and their families live, some of them fatal, and a case of advanced lung cancer in a postgraduate student who was a non-smoker.
Although there was no evidence of any link between the antennae and the cancer cases, suspicions were heightened by what residents see as the apparent secrecy surrounding their installation, she argued.
"They should have the decency to inform us when they put up additional antennae. A lot of my neighbours don't know what is going on.
"I have a neighbour with young children and she had no idea about the antennae until I told her.
"They have added so many new antennae around the campus. It is simply unacceptable.
"We feel the Environment Bureau should step in and investigate," she said.
"We want the university to tell us what the safe limit is for mobile phone antennae, because we seem to have so many here. We want to know why they are putting up so many antennae here and how much money they are getting from it.
"It may be that they rely on this money to survive. But is it worth sacrificing the health of the staff and the students?"
Another member of the teaching staff questioned why mobile phone companies did not place antennae on nearby deserted hillsides rather than on the top of apartment blocks.
"There are so many hills around here, so surely they could build a tower away from residential areas," the member of staff said. "Perhaps they are just taking this option because it is cheaper, but why is the university allowing this?
"If you go around Hong Kong, you can go to posh apartment blocks and there are no mobile phone antennae there because people won't allow it. But if you go to run-of-the-mill apartment blocks you will see a lot of mobile phone antennae."
Similarly, the member of staff said apartment blocks on campus housing senior university employees did not have antennae on top while those housing more junior employees did.
"Our biggest concern is for the health of our children," the employee said. "These are staff quarters and a lot of children live here. Students are here for two or three years but we stay here for years and our children grow up here."
The member of staff added: "Academics come here from around the world with their young families. We call ourselves Asia's 'world city'. How can we subject them and their families to this without even warning them?"
Responding to the concerns, a spokeswoman for the university said: "The university has been closely monitoring all antenna installations to ensure they fulfil conditions stated in the code of practice established by the Office of the Telecommunications Authority, which was merged with the Broadcasting Authority to become the Office of the Communications Authority.
"In addition, the university has been performing regular antennae surveys to monitor for any potential safety and health impact.
"All surveys conducted by the university show exposure to antenna-associated electromagnetic radiation on campus remain well within allowable safety limit[s].
"The electromagnetic [EM] radiation emitted by the telephone base stations … are in a conical-fan shape and essentially directed away from the building, towards the horizon with a slight downward tilt.
"The EM radiation weakens rapidly with distance from the antenna, and the exposure for those at distances exceeding 10 metres from these base stations will be much less than the applicable World Health Organisation exposure guidelines."
Radiation exposure from base stations was, in any case, negligible, the spokeswoman stressed. "Generally it is impossible for people to stand in close proximity, such as within a few metres, directly in front of these antennae," she said.
"Secondly, most of these antennae are located in a controlled area where only authorised personnel such as maintenance staff may have access."
She said there was a strong demand for phone coverage, adding: "The number of mobile phone antenna is dictated by topography of the site and configuration of the buildings."
The spokeswoman declined to say how much was paid by mobile phone companies but said all income generated went to the university's undergraduate scholarship fund.
She added: "The university pays close attention to the well-being of its members and is committed to providing a safe, environmentally friendly and enabling environment for the campus community."
A spokesman for the Office of the Communications Authority said mobile phone operators had to obtain its approval for base stations.
"Approval will be granted only if the radio base station concerned meets, among other things, the radiation safety requirement," the spokesman said.
After consulting the Department of Health, guidelines issued by the International Commission on Non-Ionising Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) had been adopted in Hong Kong and there was "no evidence" radiation levels below those levels caused adverse health effects.
There was no requirement for residents in blocks where base stations were to be installed to be informed, the spokesman said.
If members of the public were concerned about radiation, the office could arrange site visits, the spokesman added.
"If the measures results suggest that the [radiation] levels have been exceeded or even approach the ICNIRP limits, the MNOs [mobile phone network operators] concerned are required to implement remedial action including placing antennas at a higher location, lowering the transmitting powers and restricting access to high [radiation] areas."
From 2010 to last November, the office conducted 896 on-site measurements and only two base stations required remedial action to lower radiation levels, the spokesman said.
Such assurances are unlikely to bring an end to the concerns of some families living directly below the antennae.
"I've been told that the voltage of the antennae can be turned up or down - so if the telecom companies know an inspection is taking place, they can turn the antennae down before any inspection," the member of the teaching staff said.
"I don't trust the office's measurements. We are trying to get a monitor of our own so that we can take random measurements ourselves and find out the real level of radiation our families are being exposed to."
http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1136799/cancer-fears-over-mobile-phone-antennae-university-hong-kong