Looks like the Japanese and the Chinese are ahead in this line of research! And the insurance companies are trying to claim that CFS is caused by obesity - good one! Blame the victim - of electromagnetic radiation exposure. That's the way to do it! Rather than looking at the real problem, create another one!
J Auton Nerv Syst. 1994 Aug;48(3):213-9. Links
Aspects of hypothalamic neuronal systems in VMH lesion-induced obese rats.
Takahashi A ,
Ishimaru H ,
Ikarashi Y ,
Maruyama Y .
Department of Neuropsychopharmacology (Tsumura), Gunma University School of Medicine, Japan.
To clarify neuronal disturbance in the hypothalamus reflecting the development of obesity in ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH)-lesioned rats, we investigated the contents of neurotransmitters in the hypothalamus after pretreatment by microwave irradiation, contents of neurotransmitter metabolites in third ventricle fluid and catecholamine contents in the adrenal gland. The hypothalamic contents of norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) were selectively decreased, but acetylcholine (ACh) and serotonin (5-HT) levels were not changed from those in controls. In the lateral part of the hypothalamus, also, a significant decrease of NE content was detected. On the other hand, NE and DA metabolites, MHPG, DOPAC and HVA were increased in the third ventricle fluid in VMH lesion-induced obese rats. Wet weight and content of epinephrine in the adrenal gland were decreased, though the content of NE was preserved. These results indicate that a disturbance of NE and DA neurons in the hypothalamus is involved in the development of VMH lesion-induced obesity. In addition, an increment of the activities of NE and DA systems in the central nervous system as a whole and some irregularity in the sympatho-adrenal system might contribute to VMH obesity.
PMID: 7963256 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
1: Brain Res Bull. 1995;36(1):97-9. Links
Decrease of norepinephrine and preservation of acetylcholine in the hypothalamus of VMH obese rats.
Takahashi A,
Ishimaru H,
Ikarashi Y,
Maruyama Y.
Department of Neuropsychopharmacology (Tsumura), Gunma University School of Medicine, Japan.
We investigated to find which types of neuronal disturbance in the hypothalamus are responsible for ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) lesion-induced development of obesity. We found that in VMH-lesioned obese rats, the contents of norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine in the hypothalamus were selectively decreased, but that the serotonin and acetylcholine levels were unchanged from those in sham controls. Also, the content of NE in the lateral portion of the hypothalamus was decreased. Our results show that disturbance of the hypothalamic noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurons, but not of the serotonergic or cholinergic neurons, contributes to the development of VMH lesion-induced obesity.
PMID: 7882057 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
1: J Tradit Chin Med. 2001 Sep;21(3):220-4. Links
Study on action of acupuncture on ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus in obese rats.
Liu Z,
Sun F,
Su J,
Zhao M ,
Zhu M,
Wang Y ,
Wei Q,
Li J,
Gu Y.
Second Clinical Medical College of Nanjing, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Nanjing 210029.
Effects of acupuncture on the spontaneous discharge of nerve cells and levels of monoamine neurotransmitters in ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus (VMH) of the obese rats were investigated. Results indicated that the levels of tyrosine (Tyr) and dopamine (DA) were lowered, the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-hydoxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) increased, and the frequency of the spontaneous discharge of nerve cells in VMH lowered in the obese rat group as compared with the normal group. When acupuncture obtained the effect of weight reduction, the frequency of spontaneous discharges of nerve cells in VMH were markedly increased, and the levels of Tyr, DA and tryptamine (Typ) and 5-HT/5-HIAA ratio elevated, and the 5-HT level lowered. It is suggested that the virtuous regulative action of acupuncture on VMH might be one of the key factors in acupuncture for weight reduction.
PMID: 11789333 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Saturday, February 24, 2007
Friday, February 23, 2007
George Carlo Interview in London
Way to go, George Carlo!
We understand that these information-carrying radio waves trigger protein membrane responses at the cell membrane level leading to disruption of intercellular communication and build up of free radicals inside the cell [emphasis mine]. This mechanism understanding is very important because it now explains the wide diversity of symptoms that we are seeing in patients who are reporting electrohypersensitivity and also other conditions such as headaches and unexplained anxiety that henceforth from this point forward now we'll know will be associated with these information-carrying radio waves.
Click on
"Dr George Carlo, Chairman of the Science and Public Policy Institute, Washington, claims it has new data that indicates that use of mobiles are damaging to humans"
@
http://rte.ie/news/primetime/
"There are three kinds of lies: lies, damned lies, and statistics."
Benjamin Disraeli British politician (1804 - 1881).
We understand that these information-carrying radio waves trigger protein membrane responses at the cell membrane level leading to disruption of intercellular communication and build up of free radicals inside the cell [emphasis mine]. This mechanism understanding is very important because it now explains the wide diversity of symptoms that we are seeing in patients who are reporting electrohypersensitivity and also other conditions such as headaches and unexplained anxiety that henceforth from this point forward now we'll know will be associated with these information-carrying radio waves.
Click on
"Dr George Carlo, Chairman of the Science and Public Policy Institute, Washington, claims it has new data that indicates that use of mobiles are damaging to humans"
@
http://rte.ie/news/primetime/
"There are three kinds of lies: lies, damned lies, and statistics."
Benjamin Disraeli British politician (1804 - 1881).
Thursday, February 22, 2007
New problems with Cellphones: Situation in Japan – as a precursor to ours
New problems with Cellphones
by Andrew Michrowski, Ph.D.
http://mail.google.com/mail/?attid=0.1&disp=vah&view=att&th=110e9d145574c7f4
Situation in Japan – as a precursor to ours
The worldwide proliferation of Alzheimer's is diagnosed reluctantly in Japan, due to a national stigma attached to the condition. While Japanese TV has health-topic programs on brain aging, noting that younger people show deterioration of mental faculties similar to the elderly and that chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and depression are rampant, these are ascribed to psychological factors . The shows point out missing nutrients or indicate mental exercises to keep "thinking young". The condition occurs in over 2 million Japanese, affecting all ages. Among the young, it manifests as social withdrawal, and they shut themselves off in rooms. At first, the media named it "jiheisho" (autism), then "hikikomori" or withdrawing and hiding. The sudden onset coincides with a major expansion of cell phone service . Teruhisa Miike of Kumamoto University Medical School notes that 75% of "withdrawn children" have CFS with reduced blood flow to the brain, accompanied by disorders in central nervous system function and immune function . "If you force them to go to school, they risk having real psychological problems as a result", he says. Ryoichi Ogawa, Kobe MD, reports that 80% of his CFS patients are frequent users on a daily basis of cellular phones, personal computers, TV games , etc. He decided on a clinical study to test a cause-effect relationship of cellular phones and computers to CFS. Ogawa chose 40 from his young CFS patients (to compare them with 50 healthy persons) to measure their blood flow in the upper eyelid ophthalmic artery that branches off from the carotid artery carrying blood from heart to brain), with the super Doppler method – a test that verifies blockage of brain blood vessels. Subjects held a cellphone, at their left ear for 30 seconds. Prior to use, all showed normal blood flow of 10 cm/sec. in the arteries of both eyes; after phone use, the flow dropped to less than 5 cm/sec. for all those tested – a rate indicating reduced brain blood flow. Exposure from sitting within 1 meter of a video screen for 15 minutes also reduced brain blood flow to less than 5 cm/sec. in both eyes for all CFS patients; among the healthy, 78% had a reduction to less than 5 cm/sec. in both eyes. Healthy participants resumed normal flow within 30 min.; only 2/3rd of CFS ones recovered normally .
Perhaps, we are due to expect similar health patterns in such areas as the Toronto region, Brantford and perhaps Hamilton and Ottawa within the coming years. Clusters may be expected where analog telephones are widely used, in high traffic zones and near building complexes surrounding large shopping malls, hospitals, police, airports and educational facilities.
by Andrew Michrowski, Ph.D.
http://mail.google.com/mail/?attid=0.1&disp=vah&view=att&th=110e9d145574c7f4
Situation in Japan – as a precursor to ours
The worldwide proliferation of Alzheimer's is diagnosed reluctantly in Japan, due to a national stigma attached to the condition. While Japanese TV has health-topic programs on brain aging, noting that younger people show deterioration of mental faculties similar to the elderly and that chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and depression are rampant, these are ascribed to psychological factors . The shows point out missing nutrients or indicate mental exercises to keep "thinking young". The condition occurs in over 2 million Japanese, affecting all ages. Among the young, it manifests as social withdrawal, and they shut themselves off in rooms. At first, the media named it "jiheisho" (autism), then "hikikomori" or withdrawing and hiding. The sudden onset coincides with a major expansion of cell phone service . Teruhisa Miike of Kumamoto University Medical School notes that 75% of "withdrawn children" have CFS with reduced blood flow to the brain, accompanied by disorders in central nervous system function and immune function . "If you force them to go to school, they risk having real psychological problems as a result", he says. Ryoichi Ogawa, Kobe MD, reports that 80% of his CFS patients are frequent users on a daily basis of cellular phones, personal computers, TV games , etc. He decided on a clinical study to test a cause-effect relationship of cellular phones and computers to CFS. Ogawa chose 40 from his young CFS patients (to compare them with 50 healthy persons) to measure their blood flow in the upper eyelid ophthalmic artery that branches off from the carotid artery carrying blood from heart to brain), with the super Doppler method – a test that verifies blockage of brain blood vessels. Subjects held a cellphone, at their left ear for 30 seconds. Prior to use, all showed normal blood flow of 10 cm/sec. in the arteries of both eyes; after phone use, the flow dropped to less than 5 cm/sec. for all those tested – a rate indicating reduced brain blood flow. Exposure from sitting within 1 meter of a video screen for 15 minutes also reduced brain blood flow to less than 5 cm/sec. in both eyes for all CFS patients; among the healthy, 78% had a reduction to less than 5 cm/sec. in both eyes. Healthy participants resumed normal flow within 30 min.; only 2/3rd of CFS ones recovered normally .
Perhaps, we are due to expect similar health patterns in such areas as the Toronto region, Brantford and perhaps Hamilton and Ottawa within the coming years. Clusters may be expected where analog telephones are widely used, in high traffic zones and near building complexes surrounding large shopping malls, hospitals, police, airports and educational facilities.
Wednesday, February 21, 2007
Microwaves and Oxidative Stress Studies
Dear Dr. Martin Pall,
Thought you might be interested in the following studies. I think it is one of the main missing links in your theory of oxidative stress relating to CFIDS - since Superoxide Dismutase (S.O.D.) is substantially reduced by microwave and other electromagnetic exposure as is made clear by the following studies. As you know, what happens when there isn't enough S.O.D. to mop up the free radical Superoxide, which will react with Nitric Oxide (which is also elevated due to EMR exposure due to calcium influx) to form Peroxynitrate, thus wrecking havoc in the body and - according to your theory - causing a number of disease states such as CFIDS.
1: Brain Res Bull. 2006 Jan 30;68(5):355-60. Epub 2005 Oct 19. Links
Effects of extremely low-frequency magnetic field in the brain of rats.
Jelenkovic A,
Janac B,
Pesic V,
Jovanovic DM,
Vasiljevic I,
Prolic Z.
Institute for Biological Research Sinisa Stankovic, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Beograd, Serbia and Montenegro. aka950@yahoo.com
An extremely low-frequency magnetic field (50 Hz, 0.5 mT) was used to investigate its possible effect on the brain of adult male Wistar rats following a 7-day exposure. The control rats were sham-exposed. Superoxide dismutase activities and production of superoxide radicals, lipid peroxidation, and nitric oxide were examined in the frontal cortex, striatum, basal forebrain, hippocampus, brainstem, and cerebellum. Significantly increased superoxide radical contents were registered in all the structures examined. Production of nitric oxide, which can oppose superoxide radical activities, was significantly increased in some structures: the frontal cortex, basal forebrain, hippocampus, and brainstem. Augmentation of lipid peroxydation was also observed, with significance only in the basal forebrain and frontal cortex, in spite of the significantly increased superoxide dismutase activities and nitric oxide production in the basal forebrain, and increased production of nitric oxide in the frontal cortex. The results obtained indicate that a 7-day exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic field can be harmful to the brain, especially to the basal forebrain and frontal cortex due to development of lipid peroxidation. Also, high production of superoxide anion in all regions may compromise nitric oxide signaling processes, due to nitric oxide consumption in the reaction with the superoxide radical.
PMID: 16377443 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
1: Clin Chim Acta. 2004 Feb;340(1-2):153-62. Links
Ginkgo biloba prevents mobile phone-induced oxidative stress in rat brain.
Ilhan A,
Gurel A,
Armutcu F,
Kamisli S,
Iraz M,
Akyol O,
Ozen S.
Department of Neurology, Inonu University, Turgut Ozal Medical Center, 44069 Malatya, Turkey. ailhan@inonu.edu.tr
BACKGROUND: The widespread use of mobile phones (MP) in recent years has raised the research activities in many countries to determine the consequences of exposure to the low-intensity electromagnetic radiation (EMR) of mobile phones. Since several experimental studies suggest a role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in EMR-induced oxidative damage in tissues, in this study, we investigated the effect of Ginkgo biloba (Gb) on MP-induced oxidative damage in brain tissue of rats. METHODS: Rats (EMR+) were exposed to 900 MHz EMR from MP for 7 days (1 h/day). In the EMR+Gb groups, rats were exposed to EMR and pretreated with Gb. Control and Gb-administrated groups were produced by turning off the mobile phone while the animals were in the same exposure conditions. Subsequently, oxidative stress markers and pathological changes in brain tissue were examined for each groups. RESULTS: Oxidative damage was evident by the: (i) increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in brain tissue, (ii) decrease in brain superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and (iii) increase in brain xanthine oxidase (XO) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities. These alterations were prevented by Gb treatment. Furthermore, Gb prevented the MP-induced cellular injury in brain tissue histopathologically. CONCLUSION: Reactive oxygen species may play a role in the mechanism that has been proposed to explain the biological side effects of MP, and Gb prevents the MP-induced oxidative stress to preserve antioxidant enzymes activity in brain tissue.
1: Toxicol Ind Health. 2005 Oct;21(9):223-30. Links
Mobile phone-induced myocardial oxidative stress: protection by a novel antioxidant agent caffeic acid phenethyl ester.
Ozguner F,
Altinbas A,
Ozaydin M,
Dogan A,
Vural H,
Kisioglu AN,
Cesur G,
Yildirim NG.
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey. drmfehmi@yahoo.com
Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or radiofrequency fields of cellular mobile phones may affect biological systems by increasing free radicals, which appear mainly to enhance lipid peroxidation, and by changing the antioxidant defense systems of human tissues, thus leading to oxidative stress. Mobile phones are used in close proximity to the heart, therefore 900 MHz EMR emitting mobile phones may be absorbed by the heart. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), one of the major components of honeybee propolis, was recently found to be a potent free radical scavenger and antioxidant, and is used in folk medicine. The aim of this study was to examine 900 MHz mobile phone-induced oxidative stress that promotes production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the role of CAPE on myocardial tissue against possible oxidative damage in rats. Thirty rats were used in the study. Animals were randomly grouped as follows: sham-operated control group (N: 10) and experimental groups: (a) group II: 900 MHz EMR exposed group (N: 10); and (b) group III: 900 MHz EMR exposed+CAPE-treated group (N: 10). A 900 MHz EMR radiation was applied to groups II and III 30 min/day, for 10 days using an experimental exposure device. Malondialdehyde (MDA, an index of lipid peroxidation), and nitric oxide (NO, a marker of oxidative stress) were used as markers of oxidative stress-induced heart impairment. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were studied to evaluate the changes of antioxidant status. In the EMR exposed group, while tissue MDA and NO levels increased, SOD, CAT and GSH-Px activities were reduced. CAPE treatment in group III reversed these effects. In this study, the increased levels of MDA and NO and the decreased levels of myocardial SOD, CAT and GSH-Px activities demonstrate the role of oxidative mechanisms in 900 MHz mobile phone-induced heart tissue damage, and CAPE, via its free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties, ameliorates oxidative heart injury. These results show that CAPE exhibits a protective effect on mobile phone-induced and free radical mediated oxidative heart impairment in rats.
PMID: 16342473 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
1: J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2001 Nov;26(4):605-8. Links
Effects of acute exposure to the radiofrequency fields of cellular phones on plasma lipid peroxide and antioxidase activities in human erythrocytes.
Moustafa YM,
Moustafa RM,
Belacy A,
Abou-El-Ela SH,
Ali FM.
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
Radiofrequency fields of cellular phones may affect biological systems by increasing free radicals, which appear mainly to enhance lipid peroxidation, and by changing the antioxidase activities of human blood thus leading to oxidative stress. To test this, we have investigated the effect of acute exposure to radiofrequency fields of commercially available cellular phones on some parameters indicative of oxidative stress in 12 healthy adult male volunteers. Each volunteer put the phone in his pocket in standby position with the keypad facing the body. The parameters measured were lipid peroxide and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), total glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase. The results obtained showed that the plasma level of lipid peroxide was significantly increased after 1, 2 and 4 h of exposure to radiofrequency fields of the cellular phone in standby position. Moreover, the activities of SOD and GSH-Px in human erythrocytes showed significant reduction while the activity of catalase in human erythrocytes did not decrease significantly. These results indicate that acute exposure to radiofrequency fields of commercially available cellular phones may modulate the oxidative stress of free radicals by enhancing lipid peroxidation and reducing the activation of SOD and GSH-Px, which are free radical scavengers. Therefore, these results support the interaction of radiofrequency fields of cellular phones with biological systems.
PMID: 11516912 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
1: Ann Acad Med Stetin. 2005;51 Suppl 1:125-8. Links
Effect of electromagnetic field produced by mobile phones on the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD-1)--in vitro research
[Article in Polish]
Stopczyk D,
Gnitecki W,
Buczynski A,
Kowalski W,
Buczynska M,
Kroc A.
Zaklad Medycyny Zapobiegawczej i Promocji Zdrowia Wojskowej Akademii Medycznej ul. Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-643 lodz.
The aim of the paper was to estimate in vitro the effect of electromagnetic field produced by mobile phones on the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) in human blood platelets. Suspension of blood platelets exposed to the electromagnetic field of 900 MHz frequency for 1, 3, 5, 7 minutes. Our studies demonstrated that microwaves produced by mobiles significally depleted the activity of SOD-1 after 1, 5, 7 min. of exposition and increased after 3 min. nn comparison wit control test. On the ground of our results we conclude that oxidative stress after exposition to microwaves can be the reason of many disadvantageous changes in cells and may cause many systemic consequences in human organism.
PMID: 16602439 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
1: Electromagn Biol Med. 2006;25(3):177-88. Links
GSM base station electromagnetic radiation and oxidative stress in rats.
Yurekli AI,
Ozkan M,
Kalkan T,
Saybasili H,
Tuncel H,
Atukeren P,
Gumustas K,
Seker S.
Tubitak-Uekae, EMC TEMPEST Test Center, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey. yurekli@uekae.tubitak.gov.tr
The ever increasing use of cellular phones and the increasing number of associated base stations are becoming a widespread source of nonionizing electromagnetic radiation. Some biological effects are likely to occur even at low-level EM fields. In this study, a gigahertz transverse electromagnetic (GTEM) cell was used as an exposure environment for plane wave conditions of far-field free space EM field propagation at the GSM base transceiver station (BTS) frequency of 945 MHz, and effects on oxidative stress in rats were investigated. When EM fields at a power density of 3.67 W/m2 (specific absorption rate = 11.3 mW/kg), which is well below current exposure limits, were applied, MDA (malondialdehyde) level was found to increase and GSH (reduced glutathione) concentration was found to decrease significantly (p < 0.0001). Additionally, there was a less significant (p = 0.0190) increase in SOD (superoxide dismutase) activity under EM exposure.
PMID: 16954120 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
1: J Physiol Pharmacol. 2005 Dec;56 Suppl 6:101-8. Links
Effect of extremely low frequency of electromagnetic fields on cell proliferation, antioxidative enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes - an in vitro study.
Zwirska-Korczala K,
Jochem J ,
Adamczyk-Sowa M ,
Sowa P ,
Polaniak R ,
Birkner E ,
Latocha M ,
Pilc K ,
Suchanek R .
Department of Physiology, Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
The exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-MF, frequencies less than 200-300 Hz) can alter the transcription and translation of genes, influence the cell proliferation rate and affect enzyme activities. Moreover, the hypothesis that ELF-MF increases free oxygen metabolites generation has been proposed. Since recent in vivo studies suggest that electric and magnetic fields are able to affect adipose cells metabolism. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of ELF-MF (frequency of basic impulse 180-195 Hz, induction 120 muT) on cell proliferation, antioxidative enzyme activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cell culture. We found that ELF-MF application lasting 36 minutes daily failed to influence cell count after 24h and 48 h of incubation. After 24 h, in the ELF-MF treated group, manganese- and copper-zinc-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD and Cu/ZnSOD) isoenzymes media activities were decreased, catalase activity was increased, whereas there were no significant differences in glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione reductase (GSSG-Rd) activities in comparison to the control. After 48 h of incubation, all enzyme activities were reduced, except for GSSG-Rd, in which no changes were noticed. MDA concentration at 24 h after incubation with the exposure to ELF-MF was significantly higher in comparison to the control, without ELF-MF. After 48 h of incubation, MDA levels were significantly lower in both groups with no differences between the groups without and with ELF-MF. We conclude that ELF-MF influences antioxidative enzyme activities and increases lipid peroxidation in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cultures.
1: Mol Cell Biochem. 2006 Jan;282(1-2):83-8. Links
Protective effects of melatonin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester against retinal oxidative stress in long-term use of mobile phone: a comparative study.
Ozguner F,
Bardak Y,
Comlekci S.
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, P. K. 13, 32100 Isparta, Turkey. drmfehmi@yahoo.com
There are numerous reports on the effects of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) in various cellular systems. Melatonin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a component of honeybee propolis, were recently found to be potent free radical scavengers and antioxidants. Mechanisms of adverse effects of EMR indicate that reactive oxygen species may play a role in the biological effects of this radiation. The present study was carried out to compare the efficacy of the protective effects of melatonin and CAPE against retinal oxidative stress due to long-term exposure to 900 MHz EMR emitting mobile phones. Melatonin and CAPE were administered daily for 60 days to the rats prior to their EMR exposure during our study. Nitric oxide (NO, an oxidant product) levels and malondialdehyde (MDA, an index of lipid peroxidation), were used as markers of retinal oxidative stress in rats following to use of EMR. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were studied to evaluate the changes of antioxidant status in retinal tissue. Retinal levels of NO and MDA increased in EMR exposed rats while both melatonin and CAPE caused a significant reduction in the levels of NO and MDA. Likewise, retinal SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activities decreased in EMR exposed animals while melatonin and CAPE caused a significant increase in the activities of these antioxidant enzymes. Treatment of EMR exposed rats with melatonin or CAPE increased the activities of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT to higher levels than those of control rats. In conclusion, melatonin and CAPE reduce retinal oxidative stress after long-term exposure to 900 MHz emitting mobile phone. Nevertheless, there was no statistically significant difference between the efficacies of these two antioxidants against to EMR induced oxidative stress in rat retina. The difference was in only GSH-Px activity in rat retina. Melatonin stimulated the retinal GSH-Px activity more efficiently than CAPE did.
PMID: 16317515 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
1: Mol Cell Biochem. 2005 Sep;277(1-2):73-80. Links
A novel antioxidant agent caffeic acid phenethyl ester prevents long-term mobile phone exposure-induced renal impairment in rat. Prognostic value of malondialdehyde, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and nitric oxide determination.
Ozguner F,
Oktem F,
Ayata A,
Koyu A,
Yilmaz HR.
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, P. K. 13, Isparta, 32100, Turkey. drmfehmi@yahoo.com
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a flavonoid like compound, is one of the major components of honeybee propolis. It has been used in folk medicine for many years in Middle East countries. It was found to be a potent free radical scavenger and antioxidant recently. The aim of this study was to examine long-term applied 900 MHz emitting mobile phone-induced oxidative stress that promotes production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and, was to investigate the role of CAPE on kidney tissue against the possible electromagnetic radiation (EMR)-induced renal impairment in rats. In particular, the ROS such as superoxide and nitric oxide (NO) may contribute to the pathophysiology of EMR-induced renal impairment. Malondialdehyde (MDA, an index of lipid peroxidation) levels, urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG, a marker of renal tubular injury) and nitric oxide (NO, an oxidant product) levels were used as markers of oxidative stress-induced renal impairment and the success of CAPE treatment. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in renal tissue were determined to evaluate the changes of antioxidant status. The rats used in the study were randomly grouped (10 each) as follows: i) Control group (without stress and EMR), ii) Sham-operated rats stayed without exposure to EMR (exposure device off), iii) Rats exposed to 900 MHz EMR (EMR group), and iv) A 900 MHz EMR exposed + CAPE treated group (EMR + CAPE group). In the EMR exposed group, while tissue MDA, NO levels and urinary NAG levels increased (p < 0.0001), the activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px in renal tissue were reduced (p < 0.001). CAPE treatment reversed these effects as well (p < 0.0001, p < 0.001 respectively). In conclusion, the increase in NO and MDA levels of renal tissue, and in urinary NAG with the decrease in renal SOD, CAT, GSH-Px activities demonstrate the role of oxidative mechanisms in 900 MHz mobile phone-induced renal tissue damage, and CAPE, via its free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties, ameliorates oxidative renal damage. These results strongly suggest that CAPE exhibits a protective effect on mobile phone-induced and free radical mediated oxidative renal impairment in rats.
PMID: 16132717 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Comparative analysis of the protective effects of melatonin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on mobile phone-induced renal impairment in rat.
Ozguner F,
Oktem F,
Armagan A,
Yilmaz R,
Koyu A,
Demirel R,
Vural H,
Uz E .
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, P. K. 13 32100 Isparta, Turkey. drmfehmi@yahoo.com
Melatonin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a component of honeybee propolis, were recently found to be potent free radical scavengers and antioxidants. There are a number of reports on the effects induced by electromagnetic radiation (EMR) in various cellular systems. Mechanisms of adverse effects of EMR indicate that reactive oxygen species may play a role in the biological effects of this radiation. The present study was carried out to compare the protective effects of melatonin and CAPE against 900 MHz EMR emitted mobile phone-induced renal tubular injury. Melatonin was administered whereas CAPE was given for 10 days before the exposure. Urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG, a marker of renal tubular injury) and malondialdehyde (MDA, an index of lipid peroxidation), were used as markers of oxidative stress-induced renal impairment in rats exposed to EMR. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were studied to evaluate the changes of antioxidant status in renal tissue. Urinary NAG and renal MDA were increased in EMR exposed rats while both melatonin and CAPE caused a significant reduction in the levels of these parameters. Likewise, renal SOD and GSH-Px activities were decreased in EMR exposed animals while melatonin caused a significant increase in the activities of these antioxidant enzymes but CAPE did not. Melatonin caused a significant decrease in urinary NAG activity and MDA levels which were increased because of EMR exposure. CAPE also reduced elevated MDA levels in EMR exposed renal tissue, but the effect of melatonin was more potent than that of CAPE. Furthermore, treatment of EMR exposed rats with melatonin increased activities of SOD and GSH-Px to higher levels than those of control rats. In conclusion, melatonin and CAPE prevent renal tubular injury by reducing oxidative stress and protect the kidney from oxidative damage induced by 900 MHz mobile phone. Nevertheless, melatonin seems to be a more potent antioxidant compared with CAPE in kidney. (Mol Cell Biochem 276: 31-37, 2005).
PMID: 16132682 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
1: Bioelectromagnetics. 2005 Oct;26(7):589-94. Links
Effects of a 50 Hz electric field on plasma lipid peroxide level and antioxidant activity in rats.
Harakawa S,
Inoue N,
Hori T,
Tochio K,
Kariya T,
Takahashi K,
Doge F,
Suzuki H,
Nagasawa H.
National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan. harakawa@bd5.so-net.ne.jp
The effects of exposure to extremely low frequency electric fields (ELF EFs) on plasma lipid peroxide levels and antioxidant activity (AOA) in Sprague-Dawley rats were studied. The test was based on comparisons among rats treated with a combination of the oxidizing agent, 2,2'-azobis(2-aminopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) and 50 Hz EF of 17.5 kV/m intensity for 15 min per day for 7 days, AAPH alone, EF alone or no treatment. EF significantly decreased the plasma peroxide level in rats treated with AAPH, similar to treatment by ascorbic acid or the superoxide dismutase. Ascorbic acid increased AOA; however, EF and superoxide dismutase did not change AOA compared with sham exposure in stressed rats. No influence on the lipid peroxide level and AOA in unstressed rats was observed with EF exposure alone. Although the administration of AAPH decreased AOA, this decrease did not change when EF was added. These data indicate that the ELF EF used in this study influenced the lipid peroxide level in an oxidatively stressed rat. (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
PMID: 16037959 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
1: Arch Med Res. 2005 Jul-Aug;36(4):350-5. Links
Oxidative damage in the kidney induced by 900-MHz-emitted mobile phone: protection by melatonin.
Oktem F,
Ozguner F,
Mollaoglu H,
Koyu A,
Uz E .
Department of Pediatric Nephrology, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
BACKGROUND: The mobile phones emitting 900-MHz electromagnetic radiation (EMR) may be mainly absorbed by kidneys because they are often carried in belts. Melatonin, the chief secretory product of the pineal gland, was recently found to be a potent free radical scavenger and antioxidant. The aim of this study was to examine 900-MHz mobile phone-induced oxidative stress that promotes production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on renal tubular damage and the role of melatonin on kidney tissue against possible oxidative damage in rats. METHODS: The animals were randomly grouped as follows: 1) sham-operated control group and 2) study groups: i) 900-MHz EMR exposed (30 min/day for 10 days) group and ii) 900-MHz EMR exposed+melatonin (100 microg kg(-1) s.c. before the daily EMR exposure) treated group. Malondialdehyde (MDA), an index of lipid peroxidation), and urine N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase (NAG), a marker of renal tubular damage were used as markers of oxidative stress-induced renal impairment. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were studied to evaluate the changes of antioxidant status. RESULTS: In the EMR-exposed group, while tissue MDA and urine NAG levels increased, SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities were reduced. Melatonin treatment reversed these effects as well. In this study, the increase in MDA levels of renal tissue and in urine NAG and also the decrease in renal SOD, CAT, GSH-Px activities demonstrated the role of oxidative mechanism induced by 900-MHz mobile phone exposure, and melatonin, via its free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties, ameliorated oxidative tissue injury in rat kidney. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that melatonin may exhibit a protective effect on mobile phone-induced renal impairment in rats.
PMID: 15950073 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
1: Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi. 1999 Sep;16(3):359-61. Links
The influence of pulsed magnetic fields on SOD's activity and MDA value in metabolism of mice
[Article in Chinese]
Wu D ,
Wang D,
Xi X ,
Li X ,
Mo J .
Laboratory for Free Radical Research, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032.
This experiment aimed to investigate the influence of pulsed extremely-low-frequency-magnetic fields on free radical metabolism of mice. Thirty-two mice were randomly divided into four groups and were exposed to 0 T, 0.25 T, 0.34 T and 0.64 T intensity pulsed magnetic fields of 20 Hz for 40 min. The 0 T exposed group was the control group. The free radical metabolism, SOD's activity and MDA, of mice were measured respectively. The result showed the SOD's activity and MDA of the 0.34 T exposed group were both significantly lower (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) than that of the control group, while the 0.25 T and 0.64 T exposed groups were not significantly different from the control group. This demonstrates that the biological effect of pulsed extremely-low-frequency magnetic fields on free radical metabolism of mice varies and depends on the intensity of the fields. The "window" effect may exist.
PMID: 12552762 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
1: Med Pr. 2002;53(4):311-4. Links
Effect of electromagnetic field produced by mobile phones on the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) and the level of malonyldialdehyde (MDA)--in vitro study
[Article in Polish]
Stopczyk D,
Gnitecki W,
Buczynski A,
Markuszewski L,
Buczynski J.
Zakladu Medycyny Zapobiegawczej i Promocji Zdrowia, Wojskowej Akademii Medycznej w Lodzi. darstop@poczta.onet.pl
The aim of the study was to assess in vitro the effect of electromagnetic field produced by mobile phones on the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) and the level of malonyldialdehyde (MDA) in human blood platelets. The suspension of blood platelets was exposed to the electromagnetic field with the frequency of 900 MHz for 1, 3, 5, and 7 min. Our studies demonstrated that microwaves produced by mobile phones significantly depleted SOD-1 activity after 1, 5, and 7 min of exposure and increased after 3 min in comparison with the control test. There was a significant increase in the concentration of MDA after 1, 5, and 7 min and decrease after 3 min of exposure as compared with the control test. On the grounds of our results we conclude that oxidative stress after exposure to microwaves may be the reason for many adverse changes in cells and may cause a number of systemic disturbances in the human body.
PMID: 12474410 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Kind regards,
Art KAB
"All that is necessary for evil to triumph is for good men to do nothing"
Thought you might be interested in the following studies. I think it is one of the main missing links in your theory of oxidative stress relating to CFIDS - since Superoxide Dismutase (S.O.D.) is substantially reduced by microwave and other electromagnetic exposure as is made clear by the following studies. As you know, what happens when there isn't enough S.O.D. to mop up the free radical Superoxide, which will react with Nitric Oxide (which is also elevated due to EMR exposure due to calcium influx) to form Peroxynitrate, thus wrecking havoc in the body and - according to your theory - causing a number of disease states such as CFIDS.
1: Brain Res Bull. 2006 Jan 30;68(5):355-60. Epub 2005 Oct 19. Links
Effects of extremely low-frequency magnetic field in the brain of rats.
Jelenkovic A,
Janac B,
Pesic V,
Jovanovic DM,
Vasiljevic I,
Prolic Z.
Institute for Biological Research Sinisa Stankovic, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Beograd, Serbia and Montenegro. aka950@yahoo.com
An extremely low-frequency magnetic field (50 Hz, 0.5 mT) was used to investigate its possible effect on the brain of adult male Wistar rats following a 7-day exposure. The control rats were sham-exposed. Superoxide dismutase activities and production of superoxide radicals, lipid peroxidation, and nitric oxide were examined in the frontal cortex, striatum, basal forebrain, hippocampus, brainstem, and cerebellum. Significantly increased superoxide radical contents were registered in all the structures examined. Production of nitric oxide, which can oppose superoxide radical activities, was significantly increased in some structures: the frontal cortex, basal forebrain, hippocampus, and brainstem. Augmentation of lipid peroxydation was also observed, with significance only in the basal forebrain and frontal cortex, in spite of the significantly increased superoxide dismutase activities and nitric oxide production in the basal forebrain, and increased production of nitric oxide in the frontal cortex. The results obtained indicate that a 7-day exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic field can be harmful to the brain, especially to the basal forebrain and frontal cortex due to development of lipid peroxidation. Also, high production of superoxide anion in all regions may compromise nitric oxide signaling processes, due to nitric oxide consumption in the reaction with the superoxide radical.
PMID: 16377443 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
1: Clin Chim Acta. 2004 Feb;340(1-2):153-62. Links
Ginkgo biloba prevents mobile phone-induced oxidative stress in rat brain.
Ilhan A,
Gurel A,
Armutcu F,
Kamisli S,
Iraz M,
Akyol O,
Ozen S.
Department of Neurology, Inonu University, Turgut Ozal Medical Center, 44069 Malatya, Turkey. ailhan@inonu.edu.tr
BACKGROUND: The widespread use of mobile phones (MP) in recent years has raised the research activities in many countries to determine the consequences of exposure to the low-intensity electromagnetic radiation (EMR) of mobile phones. Since several experimental studies suggest a role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in EMR-induced oxidative damage in tissues, in this study, we investigated the effect of Ginkgo biloba (Gb) on MP-induced oxidative damage in brain tissue of rats. METHODS: Rats (EMR+) were exposed to 900 MHz EMR from MP for 7 days (1 h/day). In the EMR+Gb groups, rats were exposed to EMR and pretreated with Gb. Control and Gb-administrated groups were produced by turning off the mobile phone while the animals were in the same exposure conditions. Subsequently, oxidative stress markers and pathological changes in brain tissue were examined for each groups. RESULTS: Oxidative damage was evident by the: (i) increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in brain tissue, (ii) decrease in brain superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and (iii) increase in brain xanthine oxidase (XO) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities. These alterations were prevented by Gb treatment. Furthermore, Gb prevented the MP-induced cellular injury in brain tissue histopathologically. CONCLUSION: Reactive oxygen species may play a role in the mechanism that has been proposed to explain the biological side effects of MP, and Gb prevents the MP-induced oxidative stress to preserve antioxidant enzymes activity in brain tissue.
1: Toxicol Ind Health. 2005 Oct;21(9):223-30. Links
Mobile phone-induced myocardial oxidative stress: protection by a novel antioxidant agent caffeic acid phenethyl ester.
Ozguner F,
Altinbas A,
Ozaydin M,
Dogan A,
Vural H,
Kisioglu AN,
Cesur G,
Yildirim NG.
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey. drmfehmi@yahoo.com
Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or radiofrequency fields of cellular mobile phones may affect biological systems by increasing free radicals, which appear mainly to enhance lipid peroxidation, and by changing the antioxidant defense systems of human tissues, thus leading to oxidative stress. Mobile phones are used in close proximity to the heart, therefore 900 MHz EMR emitting mobile phones may be absorbed by the heart. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), one of the major components of honeybee propolis, was recently found to be a potent free radical scavenger and antioxidant, and is used in folk medicine. The aim of this study was to examine 900 MHz mobile phone-induced oxidative stress that promotes production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the role of CAPE on myocardial tissue against possible oxidative damage in rats. Thirty rats were used in the study. Animals were randomly grouped as follows: sham-operated control group (N: 10) and experimental groups: (a) group II: 900 MHz EMR exposed group (N: 10); and (b) group III: 900 MHz EMR exposed+CAPE-treated group (N: 10). A 900 MHz EMR radiation was applied to groups II and III 30 min/day, for 10 days using an experimental exposure device. Malondialdehyde (MDA, an index of lipid peroxidation), and nitric oxide (NO, a marker of oxidative stress) were used as markers of oxidative stress-induced heart impairment. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were studied to evaluate the changes of antioxidant status. In the EMR exposed group, while tissue MDA and NO levels increased, SOD, CAT and GSH-Px activities were reduced. CAPE treatment in group III reversed these effects. In this study, the increased levels of MDA and NO and the decreased levels of myocardial SOD, CAT and GSH-Px activities demonstrate the role of oxidative mechanisms in 900 MHz mobile phone-induced heart tissue damage, and CAPE, via its free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties, ameliorates oxidative heart injury. These results show that CAPE exhibits a protective effect on mobile phone-induced and free radical mediated oxidative heart impairment in rats.
PMID: 16342473 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
1: J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2001 Nov;26(4):605-8. Links
Effects of acute exposure to the radiofrequency fields of cellular phones on plasma lipid peroxide and antioxidase activities in human erythrocytes.
Moustafa YM,
Moustafa RM,
Belacy A,
Abou-El-Ela SH,
Ali FM.
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
Radiofrequency fields of cellular phones may affect biological systems by increasing free radicals, which appear mainly to enhance lipid peroxidation, and by changing the antioxidase activities of human blood thus leading to oxidative stress. To test this, we have investigated the effect of acute exposure to radiofrequency fields of commercially available cellular phones on some parameters indicative of oxidative stress in 12 healthy adult male volunteers. Each volunteer put the phone in his pocket in standby position with the keypad facing the body. The parameters measured were lipid peroxide and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), total glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase. The results obtained showed that the plasma level of lipid peroxide was significantly increased after 1, 2 and 4 h of exposure to radiofrequency fields of the cellular phone in standby position. Moreover, the activities of SOD and GSH-Px in human erythrocytes showed significant reduction while the activity of catalase in human erythrocytes did not decrease significantly. These results indicate that acute exposure to radiofrequency fields of commercially available cellular phones may modulate the oxidative stress of free radicals by enhancing lipid peroxidation and reducing the activation of SOD and GSH-Px, which are free radical scavengers. Therefore, these results support the interaction of radiofrequency fields of cellular phones with biological systems.
PMID: 11516912 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
1: Ann Acad Med Stetin. 2005;51 Suppl 1:125-8. Links
Effect of electromagnetic field produced by mobile phones on the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD-1)--in vitro research
[Article in Polish]
Stopczyk D,
Gnitecki W,
Buczynski A,
Kowalski W,
Buczynska M,
Kroc A.
Zaklad Medycyny Zapobiegawczej i Promocji Zdrowia Wojskowej Akademii Medycznej ul. Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-643 lodz.
The aim of the paper was to estimate in vitro the effect of electromagnetic field produced by mobile phones on the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) in human blood platelets. Suspension of blood platelets exposed to the electromagnetic field of 900 MHz frequency for 1, 3, 5, 7 minutes. Our studies demonstrated that microwaves produced by mobiles significally depleted the activity of SOD-1 after 1, 5, 7 min. of exposition and increased after 3 min. nn comparison wit control test. On the ground of our results we conclude that oxidative stress after exposition to microwaves can be the reason of many disadvantageous changes in cells and may cause many systemic consequences in human organism.
PMID: 16602439 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
1: Electromagn Biol Med. 2006;25(3):177-88. Links
GSM base station electromagnetic radiation and oxidative stress in rats.
Yurekli AI,
Ozkan M,
Kalkan T,
Saybasili H,
Tuncel H,
Atukeren P,
Gumustas K,
Seker S.
Tubitak-Uekae, EMC TEMPEST Test Center, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey. yurekli@uekae.tubitak.gov.tr
The ever increasing use of cellular phones and the increasing number of associated base stations are becoming a widespread source of nonionizing electromagnetic radiation. Some biological effects are likely to occur even at low-level EM fields. In this study, a gigahertz transverse electromagnetic (GTEM) cell was used as an exposure environment for plane wave conditions of far-field free space EM field propagation at the GSM base transceiver station (BTS) frequency of 945 MHz, and effects on oxidative stress in rats were investigated. When EM fields at a power density of 3.67 W/m2 (specific absorption rate = 11.3 mW/kg), which is well below current exposure limits, were applied, MDA (malondialdehyde) level was found to increase and GSH (reduced glutathione) concentration was found to decrease significantly (p < 0.0001). Additionally, there was a less significant (p = 0.0190) increase in SOD (superoxide dismutase) activity under EM exposure.
PMID: 16954120 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
1: J Physiol Pharmacol. 2005 Dec;56 Suppl 6:101-8. Links
Effect of extremely low frequency of electromagnetic fields on cell proliferation, antioxidative enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes - an in vitro study.
Zwirska-Korczala K,
Jochem J ,
Adamczyk-Sowa M ,
Sowa P ,
Polaniak R ,
Birkner E ,
Latocha M ,
Pilc K ,
Suchanek R .
Department of Physiology, Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
The exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-MF, frequencies less than 200-300 Hz) can alter the transcription and translation of genes, influence the cell proliferation rate and affect enzyme activities. Moreover, the hypothesis that ELF-MF increases free oxygen metabolites generation has been proposed. Since recent in vivo studies suggest that electric and magnetic fields are able to affect adipose cells metabolism. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of ELF-MF (frequency of basic impulse 180-195 Hz, induction 120 muT) on cell proliferation, antioxidative enzyme activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cell culture. We found that ELF-MF application lasting 36 minutes daily failed to influence cell count after 24h and 48 h of incubation. After 24 h, in the ELF-MF treated group, manganese- and copper-zinc-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD and Cu/ZnSOD) isoenzymes media activities were decreased, catalase activity was increased, whereas there were no significant differences in glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione reductase (GSSG-Rd) activities in comparison to the control. After 48 h of incubation, all enzyme activities were reduced, except for GSSG-Rd, in which no changes were noticed. MDA concentration at 24 h after incubation with the exposure to ELF-MF was significantly higher in comparison to the control, without ELF-MF. After 48 h of incubation, MDA levels were significantly lower in both groups with no differences between the groups without and with ELF-MF. We conclude that ELF-MF influences antioxidative enzyme activities and increases lipid peroxidation in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cultures.
1: Mol Cell Biochem. 2006 Jan;282(1-2):83-8. Links
Protective effects of melatonin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester against retinal oxidative stress in long-term use of mobile phone: a comparative study.
Ozguner F,
Bardak Y,
Comlekci S.
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, P. K. 13, 32100 Isparta, Turkey. drmfehmi@yahoo.com
There are numerous reports on the effects of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) in various cellular systems. Melatonin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a component of honeybee propolis, were recently found to be potent free radical scavengers and antioxidants. Mechanisms of adverse effects of EMR indicate that reactive oxygen species may play a role in the biological effects of this radiation. The present study was carried out to compare the efficacy of the protective effects of melatonin and CAPE against retinal oxidative stress due to long-term exposure to 900 MHz EMR emitting mobile phones. Melatonin and CAPE were administered daily for 60 days to the rats prior to their EMR exposure during our study. Nitric oxide (NO, an oxidant product) levels and malondialdehyde (MDA, an index of lipid peroxidation), were used as markers of retinal oxidative stress in rats following to use of EMR. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were studied to evaluate the changes of antioxidant status in retinal tissue. Retinal levels of NO and MDA increased in EMR exposed rats while both melatonin and CAPE caused a significant reduction in the levels of NO and MDA. Likewise, retinal SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activities decreased in EMR exposed animals while melatonin and CAPE caused a significant increase in the activities of these antioxidant enzymes. Treatment of EMR exposed rats with melatonin or CAPE increased the activities of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT to higher levels than those of control rats. In conclusion, melatonin and CAPE reduce retinal oxidative stress after long-term exposure to 900 MHz emitting mobile phone. Nevertheless, there was no statistically significant difference between the efficacies of these two antioxidants against to EMR induced oxidative stress in rat retina. The difference was in only GSH-Px activity in rat retina. Melatonin stimulated the retinal GSH-Px activity more efficiently than CAPE did.
PMID: 16317515 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
1: Mol Cell Biochem. 2005 Sep;277(1-2):73-80. Links
A novel antioxidant agent caffeic acid phenethyl ester prevents long-term mobile phone exposure-induced renal impairment in rat. Prognostic value of malondialdehyde, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and nitric oxide determination.
Ozguner F,
Oktem F,
Ayata A,
Koyu A,
Yilmaz HR.
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, P. K. 13, Isparta, 32100, Turkey. drmfehmi@yahoo.com
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a flavonoid like compound, is one of the major components of honeybee propolis. It has been used in folk medicine for many years in Middle East countries. It was found to be a potent free radical scavenger and antioxidant recently. The aim of this study was to examine long-term applied 900 MHz emitting mobile phone-induced oxidative stress that promotes production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and, was to investigate the role of CAPE on kidney tissue against the possible electromagnetic radiation (EMR)-induced renal impairment in rats. In particular, the ROS such as superoxide and nitric oxide (NO) may contribute to the pathophysiology of EMR-induced renal impairment. Malondialdehyde (MDA, an index of lipid peroxidation) levels, urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG, a marker of renal tubular injury) and nitric oxide (NO, an oxidant product) levels were used as markers of oxidative stress-induced renal impairment and the success of CAPE treatment. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in renal tissue were determined to evaluate the changes of antioxidant status. The rats used in the study were randomly grouped (10 each) as follows: i) Control group (without stress and EMR), ii) Sham-operated rats stayed without exposure to EMR (exposure device off), iii) Rats exposed to 900 MHz EMR (EMR group), and iv) A 900 MHz EMR exposed + CAPE treated group (EMR + CAPE group). In the EMR exposed group, while tissue MDA, NO levels and urinary NAG levels increased (p < 0.0001), the activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px in renal tissue were reduced (p < 0.001). CAPE treatment reversed these effects as well (p < 0.0001, p < 0.001 respectively). In conclusion, the increase in NO and MDA levels of renal tissue, and in urinary NAG with the decrease in renal SOD, CAT, GSH-Px activities demonstrate the role of oxidative mechanisms in 900 MHz mobile phone-induced renal tissue damage, and CAPE, via its free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties, ameliorates oxidative renal damage. These results strongly suggest that CAPE exhibits a protective effect on mobile phone-induced and free radical mediated oxidative renal impairment in rats.
PMID: 16132717 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Comparative analysis of the protective effects of melatonin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on mobile phone-induced renal impairment in rat.
Ozguner F,
Oktem F,
Armagan A,
Yilmaz R,
Koyu A,
Demirel R,
Vural H,
Uz E .
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, P. K. 13 32100 Isparta, Turkey. drmfehmi@yahoo.com
Melatonin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a component of honeybee propolis, were recently found to be potent free radical scavengers and antioxidants. There are a number of reports on the effects induced by electromagnetic radiation (EMR) in various cellular systems. Mechanisms of adverse effects of EMR indicate that reactive oxygen species may play a role in the biological effects of this radiation. The present study was carried out to compare the protective effects of melatonin and CAPE against 900 MHz EMR emitted mobile phone-induced renal tubular injury. Melatonin was administered whereas CAPE was given for 10 days before the exposure. Urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG, a marker of renal tubular injury) and malondialdehyde (MDA, an index of lipid peroxidation), were used as markers of oxidative stress-induced renal impairment in rats exposed to EMR. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were studied to evaluate the changes of antioxidant status in renal tissue. Urinary NAG and renal MDA were increased in EMR exposed rats while both melatonin and CAPE caused a significant reduction in the levels of these parameters. Likewise, renal SOD and GSH-Px activities were decreased in EMR exposed animals while melatonin caused a significant increase in the activities of these antioxidant enzymes but CAPE did not. Melatonin caused a significant decrease in urinary NAG activity and MDA levels which were increased because of EMR exposure. CAPE also reduced elevated MDA levels in EMR exposed renal tissue, but the effect of melatonin was more potent than that of CAPE. Furthermore, treatment of EMR exposed rats with melatonin increased activities of SOD and GSH-Px to higher levels than those of control rats. In conclusion, melatonin and CAPE prevent renal tubular injury by reducing oxidative stress and protect the kidney from oxidative damage induced by 900 MHz mobile phone. Nevertheless, melatonin seems to be a more potent antioxidant compared with CAPE in kidney. (Mol Cell Biochem 276: 31-37, 2005).
PMID: 16132682 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
1: Bioelectromagnetics. 2005 Oct;26(7):589-94. Links
Effects of a 50 Hz electric field on plasma lipid peroxide level and antioxidant activity in rats.
Harakawa S,
Inoue N,
Hori T,
Tochio K,
Kariya T,
Takahashi K,
Doge F,
Suzuki H,
Nagasawa H.
National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan. harakawa@bd5.so-net.ne.jp
The effects of exposure to extremely low frequency electric fields (ELF EFs) on plasma lipid peroxide levels and antioxidant activity (AOA) in Sprague-Dawley rats were studied. The test was based on comparisons among rats treated with a combination of the oxidizing agent, 2,2'-azobis(2-aminopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) and 50 Hz EF of 17.5 kV/m intensity for 15 min per day for 7 days, AAPH alone, EF alone or no treatment. EF significantly decreased the plasma peroxide level in rats treated with AAPH, similar to treatment by ascorbic acid or the superoxide dismutase. Ascorbic acid increased AOA; however, EF and superoxide dismutase did not change AOA compared with sham exposure in stressed rats. No influence on the lipid peroxide level and AOA in unstressed rats was observed with EF exposure alone. Although the administration of AAPH decreased AOA, this decrease did not change when EF was added. These data indicate that the ELF EF used in this study influenced the lipid peroxide level in an oxidatively stressed rat. (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
PMID: 16037959 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
1: Arch Med Res. 2005 Jul-Aug;36(4):350-5. Links
Oxidative damage in the kidney induced by 900-MHz-emitted mobile phone: protection by melatonin.
Oktem F,
Ozguner F,
Mollaoglu H,
Koyu A,
Uz E .
Department of Pediatric Nephrology, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
BACKGROUND: The mobile phones emitting 900-MHz electromagnetic radiation (EMR) may be mainly absorbed by kidneys because they are often carried in belts. Melatonin, the chief secretory product of the pineal gland, was recently found to be a potent free radical scavenger and antioxidant. The aim of this study was to examine 900-MHz mobile phone-induced oxidative stress that promotes production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on renal tubular damage and the role of melatonin on kidney tissue against possible oxidative damage in rats. METHODS: The animals were randomly grouped as follows: 1) sham-operated control group and 2) study groups: i) 900-MHz EMR exposed (30 min/day for 10 days) group and ii) 900-MHz EMR exposed+melatonin (100 microg kg(-1) s.c. before the daily EMR exposure) treated group. Malondialdehyde (MDA), an index of lipid peroxidation), and urine N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase (NAG), a marker of renal tubular damage were used as markers of oxidative stress-induced renal impairment. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were studied to evaluate the changes of antioxidant status. RESULTS: In the EMR-exposed group, while tissue MDA and urine NAG levels increased, SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities were reduced. Melatonin treatment reversed these effects as well. In this study, the increase in MDA levels of renal tissue and in urine NAG and also the decrease in renal SOD, CAT, GSH-Px activities demonstrated the role of oxidative mechanism induced by 900-MHz mobile phone exposure, and melatonin, via its free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties, ameliorated oxidative tissue injury in rat kidney. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that melatonin may exhibit a protective effect on mobile phone-induced renal impairment in rats.
PMID: 15950073 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
1: Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi. 1999 Sep;16(3):359-61. Links
The influence of pulsed magnetic fields on SOD's activity and MDA value in metabolism of mice
[Article in Chinese]
Wu D ,
Wang D,
Xi X ,
Li X ,
Mo J .
Laboratory for Free Radical Research, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032.
This experiment aimed to investigate the influence of pulsed extremely-low-frequency-magnetic fields on free radical metabolism of mice. Thirty-two mice were randomly divided into four groups and were exposed to 0 T, 0.25 T, 0.34 T and 0.64 T intensity pulsed magnetic fields of 20 Hz for 40 min. The 0 T exposed group was the control group. The free radical metabolism, SOD's activity and MDA, of mice were measured respectively. The result showed the SOD's activity and MDA of the 0.34 T exposed group were both significantly lower (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) than that of the control group, while the 0.25 T and 0.64 T exposed groups were not significantly different from the control group. This demonstrates that the biological effect of pulsed extremely-low-frequency magnetic fields on free radical metabolism of mice varies and depends on the intensity of the fields. The "window" effect may exist.
PMID: 12552762 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
1: Med Pr. 2002;53(4):311-4. Links
Effect of electromagnetic field produced by mobile phones on the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) and the level of malonyldialdehyde (MDA)--in vitro study
[Article in Polish]
Stopczyk D,
Gnitecki W,
Buczynski A,
Markuszewski L,
Buczynski J.
Zakladu Medycyny Zapobiegawczej i Promocji Zdrowia, Wojskowej Akademii Medycznej w Lodzi. darstop@poczta.onet.pl
The aim of the study was to assess in vitro the effect of electromagnetic field produced by mobile phones on the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) and the level of malonyldialdehyde (MDA) in human blood platelets. The suspension of blood platelets was exposed to the electromagnetic field with the frequency of 900 MHz for 1, 3, 5, and 7 min. Our studies demonstrated that microwaves produced by mobile phones significantly depleted SOD-1 activity after 1, 5, and 7 min of exposure and increased after 3 min in comparison with the control test. There was a significant increase in the concentration of MDA after 1, 5, and 7 min and decrease after 3 min of exposure as compared with the control test. On the grounds of our results we conclude that oxidative stress after exposure to microwaves may be the reason for many adverse changes in cells and may cause a number of systemic disturbances in the human body.
PMID: 12474410 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Kind regards,
Art KAB
"All that is necessary for evil to triumph is for good men to do nothing"
Tuesday, February 20, 2007
S.O.D., N.O. and Peroxynitrate: Drink Your Wheatgrass Every Day
What I can tell by looking at the studies is that the body's natural antioxidant Superoxide Dismutase (S.O.D.) is substantially diminished by microwave and other electromagnetic exposure among other things. What happens when you don't have enough S.O.D. to mop up the free radical called Superoxide (O2-, aka Reactive Oxygen Species or ROS) is that Superoxide will react with Nitric Oxide or NO (which is also elevated due to EMR exposure) to form Peroxynitrate (ONOO). Peroxynitrate is a powerful oxidant and will wreck havoc in the body.
Wheatgrass juice is known to be extremely high in S.O.D.
So drink your wheatgrass juice every day!
http://www.mpacorn.com/News/2003/1016/Health_and_Wellness/
regards,
paul
Wheatgrass juice is known to be extremely high in S.O.D.
So drink your wheatgrass juice every day!
http://www.mpacorn.com/News/2003/1016/Health_and_Wellness/
regards,
paul
Bioelectromagnetic Healing
Does anybody know anything about this? One person with CFS on my list has been using it for about 13 weeks with good results.
The Novalite 2000 Tesla Photon Machine is one of the Tesla coil class of therapy devices which creates pulsed electromagnetic fields that deliver broadband, wide-spectrum, non-thermal photons and electrons deep into biological tissue.
In his book, Bioelectromagnetic Healing, Tom Valone writes, "With the short term, non-contacting exposures of several minutes at a time, such Tesla high voltage pulsed electromagnetic field devices may represent the ideal, non-invasive therapy of the future, accompanied by surprising lack of harmful side effects."
What does "raising cells' vibrations" mean biologically and scientifically? According to Mr. Valone, after his review of the scientific literature, devices like the Novalite 2000 Tesla Photon Machine:
Induce a flood of negatively charged electrons that penetrate the clothing and skin, terminating free radicals.
Penetrate the body easily, inducing microamperes of intercellular current, which may stimulate some degree of intracellular electroporation.
Increase ATP production levels in the cells due to the abundance of energetic electrons.
Feed the healthful respiration portion of the Krebs cycle, rather than the cancerous fermentation portion.
Optimize the Na-K pump in the cells' membranes; Increase the transmembrane potential (TMP) of the cells which boosts the immune system; andRecharge the b iophoton energy vital for DNA-cellular activation in the body.
The Novalite has 12 noble and inert gas tubes that are precisely positioned in a concentric ring to create a strong electromagnetic field around the machine. The gas tubes have been selected to develop specific results within the bio-photonic spectrum. Some of the tubes contain argon, krypton, and water vapor. Activated by a low power laser, it produces all the frequencies needed to resonate a higher pitch within your body. This electromagnetic field is unique; it raises the vibrational levels of your body to the highest of oscillations, where they were originally designed to be.
The Novalite 2000 provides a rich, electromagnetic field to the user.
During each session, you are bathed in a natural micro-current energy that circulates throughout the body.
The Novalite 2000 provides two types of energy: electrical and electro-magnetic.These two types of energy working together increase the body's cells electrical and bio-phototonic environment.
This allows dysfunctional cells to return to a more perfect and natural state.
The Novalite 2000 Tesla Photon Machine is one of the Tesla coil class of therapy devices which creates pulsed electromagnetic fields that deliver broadband, wide-spectrum, non-thermal photons and electrons deep into biological tissue.
In his book, Bioelectromagnetic Healing, Tom Valone writes, "With the short term, non-contacting exposures of several minutes at a time, such Tesla high voltage pulsed electromagnetic field devices may represent the ideal, non-invasive therapy of the future, accompanied by surprising lack of harmful side effects."
What does "raising cells' vibrations" mean biologically and scientifically? According to Mr. Valone, after his review of the scientific literature, devices like the Novalite 2000 Tesla Photon Machine:
Induce a flood of negatively charged electrons that penetrate the clothing and skin, terminating free radicals.
Penetrate the body easily, inducing microamperes of intercellular current, which may stimulate some degree of intracellular electroporation.
Increase ATP production levels in the cells due to the abundance of energetic electrons.
Feed the healthful respiration portion of the Krebs cycle, rather than the cancerous fermentation portion.
Optimize the Na-K pump in the cells' membranes; Increase the transmembrane potential (TMP) of the cells which boosts the immune system; andRecharge the b iophoton energy vital for DNA-cellular activation in the body.
The Novalite has 12 noble and inert gas tubes that are precisely positioned in a concentric ring to create a strong electromagnetic field around the machine. The gas tubes have been selected to develop specific results within the bio-photonic spectrum. Some of the tubes contain argon, krypton, and water vapor. Activated by a low power laser, it produces all the frequencies needed to resonate a higher pitch within your body. This electromagnetic field is unique; it raises the vibrational levels of your body to the highest of oscillations, where they were originally designed to be.
The Novalite 2000 provides a rich, electromagnetic field to the user.
During each session, you are bathed in a natural micro-current energy that circulates throughout the body.
The Novalite 2000 provides two types of energy: electrical and electro-magnetic.These two types of energy working together increase the body's cells electrical and bio-phototonic environment.
This allows dysfunctional cells to return to a more perfect and natural state.
Monday, February 19, 2007
Sarah: Electro-Sensitivity and Candida
One Member's Story - Sarah: Electro-Sensitivity and Candida
Four years ago, I was fab, fit and in my 40s with a dynamic marketing and media business, exciting social life and active sporting schedule. My lifestyle was exciting and affluent. I had energy and dynamism. Without noticing too much, I gradually succumbed to a host of symptoms which sapped my energy and stole my memory. I kept myself going but as insomnia, erratic high blood pressure and heart palpitations joined the list, I got nervous.
Two years ago, my right body tingled and I had numbness in patches down my right leg, hip and right hand. I could hear buzzing in my right ear and I suddenly lost 40% my right eye-sight overnight.
I tried my doctor, various complementary practitioners, a Chinese doctor and then as I felt more and more unwell I paid what seemed an enormous sum to visit a private 'doctor' on Harley Street. Not one of them told me what was wrong with me. This so-called 'doctor' is now being investigated by his accrediting Board. They have been unable to trace his medical qualifications and fear that he may have misrepresented his background. He diagnosed radiation on the basis of a hair test and prescribed large doses of one brand of supplements which I took religiously only to find that my health deteriorated further and that the loading on my system eventually gave me liver damage. He totally failed to diagnose the complexity of my condition.
In May 2005, I self-diagnosed radiation sickness or electro-sensitivity (ES), which is a negative biophysical response to electro-magnetic frequencies and/ or non-ionising electro-magnetic radiation. I did this with the help of several websites and their supporting writers. At this stage I was lucky to have enough energy to get up and shower, keep my house tidy, and my dog walked. All business projects were filed in my office. A light stroll with my dog would result in a myriad of symptoms overtaking me, forcing me home. I could no longer work close to computers, cordless or mobile phones without my head burning and almost exploding.
As an electro-sensitive (ES), I am currently off the NHS radar. ES formerly known as Radiation Sickness is one of the new 21st century illnesses and there could be approximately 3-10% of the Western World affected. Sweden, where the affliction is formally recognised, has more than 250,000 sufferers. In the UK, The Health Protection Agency (formerly the National Radiation Protection Board) has recently set up the HPA EMF Discussion Group which meets regularly to ascertain the extent of the ES problem in the UK. The World Health Organisation meets annually on the subject of electro-sensitivity.
Colleagues were in disbelief as my symptoms widened. My income is now zero.
To clear my system I am taking a mineral treatment prescribed to victims of Chernobyl, supplied by a pharmacy in Germany. I work voluntarily to raise the profile of the dangers of electro-magnetic frequencies (EMFs) or non-ionising electro-magnetic radiation (NIEMR).
ES is a life sentence. Sufferers are unable to work, attend public places, travel on trains and buses, dine out, and socialise with family and friends. NHS GPs are not familiar with this problem. In the main, they are unable to recognise the symptoms and often resort to prescribing tranquillisers or referring already stressed ES patients to psychiatrists!
A consensus of experienced ES practitioners from around the world have postulated that the rain-barrel effect or accumulation of total body toxin loadings eventually gets so heavy on the body, that ES results. Therefore, the reverse of this is true, once ES is diagnosed. It is likely that the individual already suffers other stresses and toxins, largely broken down into physical, chemical and biological categories. In my case, it was an ME replica virus, chronic Candida albicans, leaky gut, accumulated pesticides, bacteria, gluten and dairy allergies and stored trauma. The challenge has been to gradually clear these deep and accumulated sources of stress and to minimise my negative response to the great increases in electromagnetic radiation we are all now subjected to on a daily basis.
I moved during this period and found that my new house was subject to severe geopathic stress, with two black lines meeting literally under my bed. I was therefore predisposed to severe conditions. The consultant recommended new bed mattresses for us all, getting rid of all interior sprung mattresses with metal spring coils and replacing with foam. He suggested wooden bed frames to replace metal bedsteads and to move our beds into other positions. He confirmed that he has tested homes and animal barns where serious sickness exists and always finds bad geopathic stress in such places.
My symptoms have developed and expanded over the past 5 years, to include:
1. Gluten and dairy intolerances
2. Digestive problems, hypoglycaemia, irritable bowel syndrome
3. Cystitis
4. Chronic Candidiasis with thrush and anal fissures
5. ME/CFS
6. Hair loss (significant) & fingernail flaking
7. Fibromyalgia
8. Severe headaches
9. Bouts of irritability, anger and despair
10. Loss of libido
11. Memory loss
12. Sleep disturbance, insomnia, night terrors
13. Dizziness
14. Skin tingling and numbness
15. Right eye loss of vision acuity and constricted eye pupils under dim light
16. Erratic blood pressure up to 145/105 and now stable at 100/70
17. Heart arrhythmia & palpitations
18. Toothache and teeth loosening
19. Hearing humming & buzzing
20. Hormonal disturbances - low thyroid and oestrogen overload
21. Damaged liver and adrenals
22. Impending flu symptoms
23. Difficulty concentrating
24. Feelings of abnormal weakness that cannot be explained by routine
25. Numbness, clicking & weakness in joints and limbs
Symptoms are caused and exacerbated by electro-magnetic frequencies (EMFs) emitted by all manner of mobile phones, cordless home phones, wireless Internet connections, computers, microwave ovens, baby listeners, microwave room sensors linked to burglar alarms and many other sources. Powerwatch estimates that EMF emissions are some 1000 million million times greater than 30 years ago. What are we to do about this invisible peril, which affects many of us? I am unable to visit households equipped with this 21 st century technology. I am blessed with a very understanding partner and son.
I now sleep in a shielded bedroom with foil-lined wallpaper, with windows screened with EMF proof fabric. I wear a radiation proof head-net for car travel, take numerous supplements, and avoid all toxic environments. I sleep on a foam mattress supported by a wooden bed, well away from geopathic stress. I drink spring water and eat a very healthy home-cooked diet.
Additionally, I no longer use a mobile phone. Giving that up caused me withdrawal symptoms. I went through cold turkey because I was addicted to my phone. My right eye-sight has since improved enough for me not to have to wear glasses.
I work with both Electrosensitivity-UK.org and h.e.s.e.-UK as their media consultant, so I am in a position to read an immense amount of European science tha tis written about health problems associated with electromagnetic radiation.
It could well turn out to be the case that microscopic fungi / Candida albicans predisposes the human system to damage from EMFs resulting in worsening symptoms if the body remains exposed to EMFs, especially at night when the body needs to repair itself and produce melatonin.
Among many projects, I am heading up a data collection exercise of case notes from ES/EHS living in the UK for compilation into a compendium of sufferers' observations for public distribution.